JOINT STOCK 274 JOINVILLE tures different from both. The different kinds of joints may be thus classified: 1. Synarthrosis: (1) Suture, (2) Schin- dylesis, (3) Gomphosis, (4) Amphiar- throsis. 2. Diarthrosis: (1) Arthro- dia, (2) Enarthrosis, (3) Ginglymus, and (4) Diarthrosis rotatorius. Th^ terms symphysis, synchondrosis, syneuro- sis, syssarcosis, and meningosis, former- ly applied to joints, are now discarded. In carpentry, a mode of securing to- gether the meeting edges of wooden structures; the place where one piece of timber is united to another. The straight joint is where the edges make a butt- joint, being planed straight. Timbers are generally joined by mortises and ten- ons, or by straps and bolts. The various kinds of joints are named according to their forms and uses, thus: (1) A but- ting joint, in carpentry, is one in which the fibers of one piece are perpendicular to those of the other; in machinery, one in which the pieces meet at right angles. (2) A bevel joint, one in which the plane of the joint is parallel to the fibers of one piece and oblique to those of the other. (3) Dove-tail joint. (4) A longi- tudinal joint is one in which the common 5?eam runs parallel with the fibers of both. (5) A miter joint, one formed by the meeting of matching pieces in a frame, the parts uniting on a line bisect- ing the angle, which is usually, but not necessarily, one of 90°. (6) A square joint, one in which the plane of the joint is at right angles to the fibers of one piece, and parallel to those of the other. In geology, a natural fissure or line of parting traversing rocks in a straight and well-determined line, often at right angles to the planes of stratification. In masonry, the face- joints of vous- soirs are those which appear on the face of the arch. The vertical joint is be- tween stones of the same course. The horizontal joint is between courses. The coursing-joint is the joint between the courses of voussoirs. The heading- joint is that between two voussoirs in the same course. The flush-joint is filled up to the face by pointing with mortar. In plumbingj the sheets of sheet-metal roofing are joined by a drip- joint or a flashing-joint in cases where they are not soldered. A flush-joint or jump-joint is a butt joint covered with a plate on the inner side, called the butt plate. In a lap-joint the pieces overlap each other. The word is also applied in slang to an opium-smoking den; or any resort of bad repute. JOINT STOCK, stock held jointly, or in company. A joint stock company is a kind of partnership entered into by a number of individuals for the purpose of carrying on some trade or business with a view to individual profit; invested by statutes, in Europe and many of the United States, with some of the privi- leges of _ a corporation. In ordinary partnerships, the members contribute more or less of their own personal labor or management to the affairs of the com- pany. In joint stock partnerships, on the other hand, the members only con- tribute to the funds or "stock" of the company, without having any direct share in the management; and hence their name. The capital of the company is generally divided into equal parts, called "shares," a certain number of which are held by each member of the company; and in proportion to the num- ber of these he is entitled to participate in the profits of the undertaking. These shares are freely transferable without the consent of the company. JOINVILLE (zhwawfi'-vel'), a small town of 4,000 inhabitants in the French department of Haute-Mame, which was formed into a principality by Henry II., and later supplied the title to the 3d son of Louis Philippe. JOINVILLE, FRANCJOIS FERDI- NAND. PHILIPPE LOUIS MARIE d'ORLEANS, PRINCE DE, third son of Louis Philippe, King of France; born in Neuilly, near Paris, France, Aug. 14, 1818. On completing his education he entered the French navy. In 1836 he became lieutenant; in 1837 joined his brother, the Duke de Nemours, at Con- stantine, soon after the taking of that city; during the war with Mexico, in 1838, he engaged the batteries of St. Jean d'Ulloa, with his corvette the "Creole"; and shortly afterward, at the head of his sailors, stormed the gate of Vera Cruz, and took prisoner General Arista for which he received the cross of the Legion of Honor, and was appointed post-captain; in 1840 he brought to France from St. Helena the remains of Napoleon I.; in 1843 he married, at Rio Janeiro, the Princess Francesca of Bra- ganza, sister of Don Pedro II., and was the same year promoted to rear-admiral ; in 1845 he commanded the fleet that bom- barded Tangiers and captured Mogador, on which he became vice-admiral; during the events of 1848, he was at sea before Algiers; surrendering his command to the Republicans, he joined his exiled family at Claremont. With his nephews, the Comte de Paris and the Due de Char- tres, he accompanied General McClellan, in the Virginian campaign of 1862, and published on it an impartial article in the "Review of Two Worlds," of 1863;
