JONAH 276 JONES himself at Jena, in the Spanish cam- paigns of 1808, the retreat from Rus- sia, and at Liitzen and Bautzen. Of- fended by Napoleon, he entered the serv- ice of Russia in 1814. In 1828 he took part in Russian War against Turkey and the capture of Varna. He wrote: "Critical and Military History of the Campaigns of the Revolution" (1806); "Life of Napoleon" (1827); "Summary of the Art of War" (1830). He died in Passy, France, March 24, 1869. JONAH, a prophet, the son of Amittai, and a native of Gath-hepher (II Kings xiv: 25), a border town of the tribe of Zebulun (Joshua xix: 13). He lived prior to or in the reign of Jero- boam II. (II Kings xiv: 23, 25), who ascended the throne 824 B. c The Prophecies of Jonah. — The book opens with a divine command given to Jonah to go to Nineveh and cry against it for its wickedness. In place of obeying this injunction, Jonah took ship for Tarshish. A storm aris- ing the crew cast lots to discover who had raised the tempest and the lot fell on Jonah and he was cast overboard. A great fish swallowed the prophet, who remained alive in the body three days and three nights. His prayer offered from his living dungeon being answered, the fish vomited him out on the dry land. The closing episode of the narrative rep- resents the prophet in the execution of his ministry. A second time he was or- dered to go to Nineveh, and this time he obeyed. The people, alarmed by his dec- laration that in 40 days the city should be destroyed, humbled themselves before God and thus averted the threatened judgment. JONATHAN, a son of Saul, and the constant and unshaken friend of David. Jonathan fell in battle in the war with the Philistines. JONATHAN, son of Mattathias, and brother of Judas Maccabaeus, a famous Jewish general. He compelled Bacchi- des, the Syrian commander, to sue for peace; defeated Demetrius Soter and his general Apollonius. At length he fell by treachery into the hands of Tryphon, who, after receiving a large sum as a ransom for him, put him to death, 143 B. e. JONES, ANDRIEUS ARISTIEUS, an American public official, born in Tennes- see in 1862; he received his education both general and legal at Valparaiso Uni- versity in Indiana. For a time he was principal of the public schools of Las VeiE^as N. M., whither he had moved in 1885. Later he entered the law firm of Jones and Rogers. He became a promi- nent member of the Democratic party in the territory and state of New Mexico, being National Committeeman from that state. Appointed first Assistant Secre- tary of the Interior in 1913. JONES, DAVY, in sailors' supersti- tion, an evil sea spirit whose locker, or chest is at the bottom of the sea. JONES, HENRY ARTHUR, an Eng- lish dramatist; born in Grandborough, Bucks, England, Sept. 20, 1851. He wrote: "A Clerical Error" (1879) ; "Silver King" (1882) ; "Saints and Sin- ners" (1884); "Middleman" (1889); "Judah" (1890); "The Dancing Girl" (1891); "The Tempter" (1893); "The Masqueraders" (1894); "The Triumph of the Philistines" (1895) ; "The Rogue's Comedy" (1896) ; "The Liars" (1897) ; "The Manoeuvres of Jane" (1898) ; "Mrs. Dane's Defence" (1900); "The Hyp- ocrites" (1906); "The Lie" (1914), etc. JONES, INIGO, the reviver of classi- cal architecture in England in the be- ginning of the 17th century; born in London, England, July 15, 1573. The Earl of Pembroke sent him to Italy to study art. At Venice the works of Pal- ladio inspired him with a taste for ar- chitecture. Having returned to Eng- land, he became court architect under James I. and Charles I. Among his best-known works are the Banqueting House at Whitehall, Ashburnham House, Covent Garden Piazza, Heriot's Hospital, Edinburgh, and Shaftesbury House. Be- ing royalist and Catholic he suffered heavy losses during the Civil War, and died in poverty in London, June 21, 1652. JONES, JACOB, an American naval officer; born near Smyrna, Del., in March, 1768; joined the United States navy in 1799; served in the war vnth Tripoli; was captured in 1803 and held a prisoner for 18 months; made com- mander of the "Wasp" in 1811, and with her captured the English brig "Frolic" Oct. 18, 1812, but on the following day he fell in with the English war vessel "Poictiers," 74 guns, by which both the "Wasp" and its prize was taken. For his victory over the "Frolic" Jones was voted a gold medal by Congress, and $25,000 was granted to him and his crew. He died in Philadelphia, Pa.. Aug. 3, 1850. JONES, JENKIN LLOYD, an Amer- ican Unitarian clergyman. Bom in Wales in 1843 but brought to Wisconsin at an early age. After serving in the Civil War, he received his theological
