JUDSON 288 JUGLANDACEJE this stronghold, the heroine of the book, Judith, the beautiful widow of Manasses, went forth to the Assyrians, pretending that she had deserted her people. She fascinated Holofernes, who after a time took her to his tent, where, as he was lying drunk, she cut off his head, escap- ing back with it to the fort at Bethulia. On the loss of their leader the Assjorians fled, the Israelites pursuing and inflicting on them great slaughter. The book ap- parently professes to have been penned just after the events recorded (xiv: 10) ; but the earliest known historic testimony to its existence is by Clement of Rome (Ep. i: 55), though it probably existed as early as 175 to 100 B. C. The ablest critics consider it a fiction rather than a genuine history. JUDSON", ADONIRAM, an American missionary; born in Maiden, Mass., Aug. 9, 1788; was graduated at Brown Uni- versity in 1807 and studied theology at the Andover Theological Seminary. In April, 1810, he made application to the London Missionary Society to go to "India, Tartary, or any part of the East- ern continent." In February, 1812, he sailed with his wife for Asia. During the voyage he was converted from the Congregational faith to that of the Baptist Church. In 1814, when the Baptists 6f the United States organized a missionary union he was taken under its care. He settled in Burma; mastered the language; and labored there for nearly 40 years. During the last 25 years of his work there were about 20,000 conversions among the Karens. He was the author of a Burman gram- mar; a Pali dictionary, a Burman dic- tionary* and a complete Burman Bible. He died at sea, April 12, 1850. JUDSON, EDWARD, an American clergyman; born in Moulmein, Burma, Dec. 27, 1844; son of Adoniram Judson; came to the United States in 1850; was graduated at Brown University in 1865; Professor of Latin at Colgate University in 1867-1874; pastor of the First Bap- tist Church of Orange, N. J., in 1876- 1881. He then accepted the charge of the Berean Baptist Church of New York City, where he later built the Judson Memorial Church, becoming its pastor. Published a "Life" of his father in 1899. Died in 1914. JTTDSON-, HARRY PRATT, an Amer- ican educator; bom in Jamestown, N.Y., Dec. 20, 1849 ; became head Professor of Political Science in the University of Chicago in 1892. Since 1906 President of University of Chicag(T. Member of Rockefeller Foundation 1913. Chairman China Medical Board, 1914. His works include: "Casar's Army, a Study of the Military Art of the E.omans" (1885) ; "Europe in the Nineteenth Century"; "The Growth of the Ameri- can Nation." JUGGERNAUT, in Hindu mythology, one of the 1,000 names of Vishnu, the second god of the Hindu triad. Jugger- naut is Vishnu, especially in his 8th in- carnation, Krishna. The gTeat seat of his worship is at Puri, in Orissa, whei'e he is associated with his brother Bal- bhadra, Baldeo, or Balaram, and their sister Sabhadra. The idols have no legs, and only stumps of arms; the heads and eyes are very large. The two brothers have arms projecting horizontally from the ears. They are wooden busts of about 6 feet high. Balaram is painted white, Juggernaut black, and Sabhadra yellow. Juggernaut's car is 431/^ feet high. It has 16 wheels, each 6% feet in diameter. The brother and sister have also cars. There are 13 festivals each year. The chief is the Rath Jattra, or Car Festival, at which the three idols are brought forth, being dragged out in their cars by the multitudes of devotees. Formerly a few fanatics threw them- selves beneath the wheels; this is not now permitted. The present temple of Juggernaut was completed in 1198, at an expense of nearly $2,500,000. The British obtained possession of it in 1803. They found that the pilgrims had paid a tax to the Mahrattas. In 1806 the Anglo-Indian. British government took the pilgrim's tax and directed the wor- ship of the temple. In June, 1851, the government ceased to have any connec- tion with the temple. JUGGLER, one who practices or ex- hibits tricks by sleight of hand. The juggler's art is one of great antiquity, and in early times was employed as a means of sustaining the power of the priesthood. The magicians of the an- cient Egyptians, Persians, etc., were of this class; and doubtless most of the miracles ascribed to the heathen deities were effected by sleight of hand. In the East, particularly in India, and China, jugglery is largely practiced, and brought to great perfection as an art. Many of the tricks of modern Eastern jugglers have not yet been found out, JUGLANDACE^ (-da'se-e) , the wal- nut tribe, a natural order of exogenous plants, chiefly found in North America. They are trees with alternate pinnate stipulate leaves, and unisexual flowers, the males in catkins, the females in ter- minal clusters or loose racemes. Besides
