JUNGLE FEVER 294 JUNK-CEYLON the tail ringed with black; found in In- dia and Africa. JUNGLE FEVER, remittent fever, which is apt to attack Europeans and others who pass through East Indian jungles (forests) during the rainy sea- son, called also, by Anglo-Indians, hill fever. JUNGLE FOWL, the name given in India to the wild species of Gallinse (Gallus ferrugineus) which is the parent of our domestic fowl, and to three other closely allied species. See Poultry. JUNIATA, a borough of Pennsylva- nia, in Blair co., on the Pennsylvania Company Railroad. Its industries in- clude railroad repair shops and silk mills. Pop. (1910) 5,285; (1920) 7,660. JUNIATA RIVER, a stream in Pennsylvania, formed near the center of the State, by the junction of the Little Juniata and Frankstown branch, flowing in a generally E. course and emptying into the Susquehanna 14 miles above Harrisburg. It is about 150 miles long, and though not navigable, is noted for its picturesque scenery. Beside it are the Pennsylvania canal and railroad, the latter crossing the stream many times. JUNIN, a department of Peru, em- bracing about 23,347 square miles, di- vided nearly in the center by a range of the Andes mountains. While the pro- vince is rich in deposits of copper, coal, salt, and silver they are not yet devel- oped. Agriculture is in the same back- ward state, small crops of cereals and sugar-cane being harvested. Most of the province is not traversed by railroads. The capital is Cerro de Pasco. Pop., about 400,000. JUNIPERUS (-nip'-), a genus of plants, order Pinacex. The European species, J. communis, the common juni- per, is a bushy shrub with evergreen sharp-pointed leaves. It grows in all the N. parts of Europe, in fertile or in bar- ren soils, on hills or in valleys, on open sandy plains, or in moist and close woods. It abounds in the Alpine region of Swit- zerland. All parts of the plant, when bruised, exhale a more or less agree- able terebinthinate odor. The fruits and roung tops are used in medicine, having itimulant and diuretic properties. The volatile oil {oleum juniperi) , obtained from the fruits and other parts by dis- tillation with water, is officinal in our pharmacopoeias. The fruits or berries are used to flavor gin and Hollands. J. urpentine is frequently substituted for them in the preparation of gin. Juni- per wood has a reddish color, and is used occasionally for veneers. The species J. Oxycedrus yields, by dry distillation, the tarry oil known in France as huile de cade; it is principally used in veterinary medicine. The timber of this species is very durable. J, Bermudiana is the red or pencil cedar, and J. Virginiana, the Virginian red cedar. The wood of these species is used for pencils; that of the former is considered the best. J. Sabina, the common savin, is a native of the mid- land parts of Europe, and forms a small bushy shrub. The young branches, which are completely enveloped in the small imbricated leaves, are officinal in our pharmacopoeias. They, and the oil obtained from them, have acrid, stimu- lant, diuretic, emmenagogue properties. Savin ointment is a useful acrid appli- cation to keep open blistered surfaces. JUNIUS' (jo'-) LETTERS, letters published in the London "Public Adver- tiser" under the signature of "Junius,** the first appearing Jan. 21, 1769, and the last, making the 69th, in January, 1772. The first authorized edition, printed under the author's inspection, was published in London, March 3, 1772, and was issued with an index in March, 1773. The letters of Junius were directed against the ministry and the public characters connected with it, and excited the greatest public interest. The purity of their language, the force and perspicuity of their argument, their studied and epigrammatic sarcasm, daz- zling metaphors, and fierce personal at- tacks obtained for them a popularity which perhaps no other series of letters ever possessed, and arrested the atten- tion of the government as well as *the public. Every effort was made by the government to discover the author of these letters, but in vain. Since that time many volumes have been written on the subject. The strongest case appears to be in favor of Sir Philip Francis. The question is far from being a settled matter. JUNK, a vessel employed by the Chinese, Japanese, and Malays in navi- gating their seas. It is the largest kind of Chinese vessel. It has no prominent stem or keel. The bow on deck is square, and the anchors are at each side of the bow. The stern is full, the rudder sus- pended, and at sea is lowered beneath the depth of the bottom of the vessel. The immense masts are in one piece; the lug- sails are sometimes of matting. JUNK-CEYLON, or SALANGAN, an island at the S. E. extremity of the Bay of Bengal, on the W. coast of the Malay peninsula, from which it is separated by a narrow channel; 25 miles long, about
