LAHORE 399 LAKE EDWAKD French line-of-battle ships which took refuge in the shallow roadstead of La Hogue were destroyed, under the eyes of King James, by boats' crews led by Admiral Rooke. LAHORE (la-hor'), a city of Hindu- stan, India; capital of the Punjab, and administrative headquarters of Lahore division and district, on the left bank of the Ravi, 265 miles N. W. of Delhi; it is surrounded by a brick wall 16 feet high, flanked by bastions; area, 640 acres. The most remarkable buildings are the mosques of Aurengzebe, of Vizier Khan, and of Sonara; the mausoleum of Runjeet Singh, etc. In 1524 Lahore be- came the seat of the Mogul empire, under which it reached its greatest splen- dor. Before passing into the hands of th British it was the capital of the Sikhs. Pop. about 230,000. Also La- hore division; area, 8,987 square miles; pop. 2,250,000. Also Lahore district, the central district of Lahore division; area, 3,648 square miles; pop. 1,250,000. LAIBACH, a city of Jugo-Slavia, located about 45 miles from Trieste. Among its most notable monuments is one to Marshal Radetsky, and the Cathe- dral of St. Nicholas. Laibach is an im- portant historical city because of the meeting of the sovereigns of Europe there in 1821 and their decision to re- press rebellion in Italy. Pop. about 50,000. LAIDLAW, WILLIAM, the friend and amanuensis of Sir Walter Scott; born in Blackhouse, Selkirkshire, Scot- land, in November, 1780. After farming with but little success at Traquair and Libberton, he settled in 1817 as a kind of factor and manager on the estate of Abbotsford. His acquaintance with Scott began in the autumn of 1802, and he supplied some of the materials for the third volume of the "Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border." His own ballad, "Lucy's Flittin," would alone have kept the name of "Willie" Laidlaw from being forgotten. He died May 18, 1845. LAKE, a large sheet or expanse of water entirely surrounded by land, and having no direct or immediate communi- cation with any sea, ocean, or river, or having communication only by means of rivers. The largest fresh-water lake on the globe is Lake Superior, in North America. It is 400 miles long, 160 miles wide at its greatest breadth, and has an area of 32,000 square miles. LAKE ALBERT, or ALBERT NYANZA. a large lake in British East Africa, the most northerly of five that are situated in a great valley that eX' tends for a thousand miles to Zambezi river. Its length is about 100 miles and it is surrounded on every side by tower- ing mountains, some of whose peaks are 7,000 feet above sea-level. Discovered in 1864 and named after Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria. LAKE CHARLES, a city of Louisiana, the parish-seat of Calcasieu parish. It is on the Calcasieu river, and on the Kansas City Southern, the Louisiana Western, the Lake Charles and North- ern, the Louisiana and Pacific, and the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern railroads. It is on Lake Charles. Its public buildings include a Federal build- ing, a public library, city hall, sani- tarium, and hotels. Its industries in- clude the manufacture of lumber, ice, machine shop products, etc. It is the center of an important lumber and petroleum and sulphur producing region. Pop. (1910) 11,449; (1920) 13,088. LAKE DWELLINGS, in anthropology the Pfahlbauten of German, the habita- tions lacustrines of French writers. The earliest account of similar dwellings is to be found in Herodotus, who describes a Thracian tribe living, in 520 B. c, in a small mountain lake of what is now Rumelia. The custom of constructing these habitation- has come down to the present day. The fishermen of Lake Prasias, near Salonica, still inhabit wooden cottages built over the water, as the Thracian tribes did, and in the East Indies the practice of building lake set- tlements is very common. The lake dwellings proper of Switzer- land came to light during the winter months of 1853-1854, when the water of the lakes fell much below its ordinary level. Dr. Keller, who first described these lake dwellings, says that the main platform was made of round timbers, rarely of split boards, covered with a bed of mud; the walls and sides were in great measure of interlaced branches, the interstices filled with moss and daubed with clay. Also artificial islands found princi- pally in Ireland, where they served the purpose of strongholds. In this case "the support consisted not of piles only, but of a solid mass of mud, stones, etc., with layers of horizontal and perpen- dicular stakes, the latter serving less as a support than to bind the mass firmly together." LAKE EDWARD or ED- WARD NYANZA. a lake of Central Africa, on the boundary line between Uganda and the Belgian Congo. The
