HOOCH HOOGE 1848 the term was revived, and applied first to the revolutionai*y armies, and after the organization of the Hungarian landwehr in 1868 to that body of men. HOOCH, or HOOGH (hoh), Pieter de, one of the best Dutch painters in genre; born in 1630. He was peculiarly suc- cessful in depicting scenes, illuminated by sunlight, of Dutch domestic life. Many of his finest works are in British galleries. He died about 1681. HOOD, ALEXANDER, an English na- val officer; born in 1727. After service I in the Mediterranean and Channel under Saunders and Hawke, he distinguished himself in 1760, while in command of the "Minerva," by recapturing from the French the "Warwick," a 60-gun ship, formerly English, but then armed with 34 guns. During the American War of Independence he served much under Keppel, Rodney, and Howe, in the Chan- nel and the Strait of Gibraltar. He died May 3, 1814. HOOD, JOHN BELL, an American military officer; born in Owingsville, Ky., June 1, 1831. He was graduated at West Point in 1853, and saw some service against the Indians. He entered the Confederate army, commanded a brigade, and was severely wounded at Gaines's Mill, at Gettysburg, and at Chicka- mauga, where he lost a leg and was made lieutenant-general. He command- ed a corps under Gen. J. E. Johnston in the retreat to Atlanta, and in July, 1864, succeeded him in command of the army. On Sept. 1 he was compelled to evacuate the city and leave the road free for Sherman's march to the sea. He yet made a bold attempt to cut Sher- man's communications, and, though worsted at Franklin on Nov. 30, pushed as far N. as Nashville; but here he was again defeated by Thomas on Dec. 16, and at his own request he was relieved of command. He died in New Orleans, Aug'. 30, 1879. His personal experi- ences were published posthumously as "Advance and Retreat" (1880). HOOD, MOUNT, a mountain of the Cascade Range, situated on the western border of Wasco co.. Ore. It is con- nected by rail with Hood river, by which Portland, Ore,, can be reached. The moimtain is 11,225 feet high. On its top is an observatory used by the Forest Rangers. HOOD, BOBIN, a chivalrous outlaw of the reign of Richard I. His exploits in Sherwood Forest are the subjects of many admired ballads. All the popular legends celebrate his generosity and skill in archery. HOOD, THOMAS, an English poet and humorist; born in London in 1798* During a residence at Dundee, and while only 15 or 16 years of age, he wrote for periodicals. In 1821 he became sub- editor of the "London Magazine," and in 1826 appeared his "Whims and Oddities," which was followed by "National Tales" and a volume of serious poetry. From 1829 to 1837 he conducted his "Comic Annual." He published "The Epping Hunt," "The Dream of Eugene Aram" and "Tylney Hall," a novel. In 1837, he commenced a monthly periodical en- titled "Hood's Own." His health now began to fail, and he visited the Conti- nent for rest. In 1839 he published his "Up the Rhine," which was very popular. He undertook the editorship of the "New Monthly Magazine," and continued it till 1843. His last period- ical, entitled "Hood's Magazine," was commenced in 1844. It was during his last illness that he contributed to "Punch" "The Song of a Shirt," "The Bridge of Sighs," and "The Lay of a Laborer." The pension of $500 con- ferred upon him on his last illness by Sir Robert Peel was transferred to his wife. He died in 1845. HOOD, TOM, an English author; son of the preceding; born in 1835. He studied at Oxfoi'd, and during his resi- dence there he wrote "Pen and Pencil Pictures." In 1861 appeared his "Daughters of King Daker, and Other Poems." In 1865 he became editor of "Fun." His talents, though similar to those of his father, were less brilliant. He died in 1874. HOODED SEAL (Cystophora cris- tdta), a species of seal, the male of which possesses a movable, inflatable muscular bag, stretching from the muz- zle to about five inches behind the^ eyes. Its usual range extends in America S. to Newfoundland, and in Europe to southern Norway. HOOFS, the horny tissues which con- stitute the external part of the feet of certain animals, mostly herbivorous. They may be regarded as homologues of the toe-nails of other animals. HOOGE, a village near and to the east of Ypres, that saw much fighting during the World War. During 1915 the neighborhood was held mainly by British troops, Keir's Sixth Army Corps, Al- lenby's Fifth Corps, and the new Four- teenth Light Division. In the summer of 1915 some of the hardest fighting of the war occurred round the trenches of
