ated from Allegheny College in 1889, and but in 1830 invented a pin-making ma- took post-graduate courses at Johns chine. This he perfected later and Hopkins University. He afterward revolutionized the pin manufacture with studied in Germany and studied law at it. He died in Birmingham, Conn., Sept. 10, 1876. HOWE, JULIA WARD, an American author; born in New York City, May 27, 1819. A philanthropist, interested espe- cially in woman's suffrage; she was the wife of Dr. Samuel G. Howe, the philan- thropist, and with him edited the anti- slavery journal, the Boston "Common- wealth." She is best known as the author of the "Battle Hymn of the Re- public" (1861), written during a visit ELIAS HOWE New York Law School. He was ad- mitted to the bar in 1894 and practiced in Cleveland, O., until 1909. From 1911 to 1914 he was director of the People's Institute of New York City, and from 1914 to 1919 was Commissioner of Immi- gration at the port of New Yoi'k. While holding this position he was severely criticized for his leniency in relation to the deportation of anarchists and other undesirable aliens. He was the author of "Socialized Germany" (1915); "Why War" (1916). He also contributed much to magazines on economic subjects. HOWE, HENRY MARION, an Amer- ican metallurgist; born in Boston, in 1848. He graduated from Harvard in 1869 and studied afterward at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was professor of metallurgy in Co- lumbia University, New York, from 1897 until he became professor emeritus. He was an officer and director in many metallurgical companies, and was a member of many scientific societies, both in the United States and in foreign coun- tries. He received honorary degrees from Harvard, Lafayette, and other col- leges. His published writings include: "Copper Smelting" (1885) ; "Iron, Steel, and Other Allovs" (1903) ; "Metallog- raphy of Steel and Cast Iron" (1916). HOWE, JOHN IRELAND, an Ameri- can inventor; born in Ridgefield, Conn., July 20, 1793; was at first a physician, JULIA WARD HOWE to the camps near Washington. Among her works, besides several volumes of verse, are: "The World's Own" (1857), a drama; "Life of Margaret Fuller" (1883); "Trip to Cuba" (1860); "Is Polite Society Polite? and Other Es- says"; etc. She also wrote: "Later Lyrics"; "Sex and Education," etc. She died Oct. 17, 1910. HOWE, MARK ANTONY DE WOLFE, an American editor; born in Bristol, R. I., in 1864. He graduated from Lehigh University in 1886. He took post-graduate courses at Harvard, and in 1888 became associate editor of "Youth's Companion," where he re- mained until 1893. For two years fol- lowing he was assistant editor of the "Atlantic Monthly," and he later again joined the staff of the "Youth's Com- panion" and remained there until 1913. From 1917 he was editor of the Harvai'd graduates' magazine. He wrote much on biological and musical subjects. His books include "Boston, the Place and the
