MANOR 108 MANSFELD of a column of mercury. It is then ready for the connection by a tube with the reservoir or boiler which contains the gas or steam whose elastic force is to be ascertained. A steam gauge. Called also a manoscope. MANOR, in English law, a lordship or barony held by a lord and subject to the jurisdiction of a court-baron held by him. In American law, a tract of land occupied by tenants who pay a fee-farm rent to the proprietor, sometimes in kind, and sometimes perform certain stipulated services. MANOTJRY, GENERAL, a French officer who figured prominently in the rirst Battle of the Marne in September, 1914. when he commanded the 6th French Army which in the first day's fighting (Sept. 6) helped to turn Von Kluck's right wing and Sept. 9 drove the Ger- mans across the Ourcq in retreat. MANRIQUE, JORGE (man-re'ka), a Spanish poet; flourished in the 15th cen- tury. He belonged to one of the oldest and most distinguished families in Spain. His chief work was an ode on his father's death (1492), now known as "Coplas de Manrique" (Manrique's Stanzas), one of the most touching poems in the Spanish language. It has often been reprinted, and was translated into English by Long- fellow. Several of his love poems also have come down to us. He died in 1479. MANS, LE (mong), a picturesque city of France, the capital formerly of the province of Maine, and now of the de- partment of Sarthe, on the left bank of the Sarthe, 116 miles S. W. of Paris. Pop. about 70,000. The Cenomanum of the Romans, and the birthplace of Henry II. of England, Le Mans witnessed in 1793 the dispersion and massacre of more than 10,000 Vendeans; and in Janu- ary, 1871, the defeat, after a stubborn resistance, of 100,000 Frenchmen under Chanzy by Prince Frederick-Charles. MANSARD, a style of roof, also called the French curb, or hip-roof; named after a French architect, who invented it. It was designed to make the attics avail- able for rooms, in consequence of a municipal law limiting the height of front walls in Paris. MANSARD, FRANCOIS (mon^-sar'), A. French architect ; bom in Paris, France, Jan. 23, 1598. He built several churches, and other public edifices in Paris. He died in Paris, Sept. 23, 1666. His nephew, Jules Hardouin Mansard; born in Paris, April 16, 1646, was also an excel- lent architect, and the superintendent of the royal edifices. He built the palaces of Versailles, Marly, and the Great Tri- anon, the Hospital of the Invalides, etc. He died in Marly, May 11, 1708. MANSFELD (mans'felt), COUNTS OF, an old German noble family (founded about 1060), whose ancestral castle stood at the E. end of the Harz Moun- tains, 14 miles N. W. of Halle. COUNT Peter Ernest I., afterward elevated to the rank of a prince, was born July 15, 1517. Having taken part in Charles V.'s expedition against Tunis, and distin- guished himself afterward at the siege of Landrecies, he was made by the em- peror governor of the duchy of Luxem- burg. But in 1552, while raiding in Champagne, he was taken prisoner by the French, and not ransomed till 1557, He fought against them again at St. Quentin. On the outbreak of the revolt in the Low Countries he made a name as one of the cleverest generals in the Spanish service. In 1597 he retired to Luxemburg, where he had gathered a valuable collection of antique art, and died there May 22, 1604. His illegiti- mate son, Peter Ernest II., usually called Count Ernest von Mansfeld, was born at Luxemburg in 1580 and served his apprenticeship to war in the Austrian service in Hungary and in the Juliers dispute. As part of his reward he was promised his father's possess- ions; but finally they were refused to him. He thereupon went over to the side of the Protestant princes. He assisted the Duke of Savoy against the Spaniards (1613-1617), and in 1618 was dispatched to Bohemia to aid the Count-Palatine Frederick, and captured Pilsen and other strongholds. But the disaster of the Weissenberg compelled him to retreat to the Palatinate, from which he car- ried on for nearly two years a semi- predatory war on the imperialists, de- feating Tilly at Wiesloch (April, 1622). When Frederick abandoned the struggle, Mansfeld fought his way through the Spanish-Austrian forces to take service for the United Netherlands, beating Cor- dova at Fleurus. At the bidding of his new masters Mansfeld chastised the Count of East Friesland, and then, dis- missing his army, retired into private life at The Hague. But in 1624 he re- sumed active work again at the solici- tation of Richelieu. With an army of 12,000 men, raised mostly in England, he renewed the struggle on the Lower Elbe, till in 1626 he was crushingly de- feated by Wallenstein at the bridge at Dessau. Once more raising a force of 12,000 in Brandenburg, with these and 5,000 Danes he marched by way of Si- lesia to join hands in Moravia and Hun- gary with Bethlen Gabor of Transyl-
