000,000; other cattle, about 120,000, valued at about $3,600,000; sheep, about 223,000, valued at about $1,660,000; swine, about 350,000. valued at about $3,400,000. The production of wool annually amounts to about 750,000 pounds.
Manufactures.—The State has great manufacturing importance, especially in and around Baltimore. The total number of establishments in 1914 was 4,797, the total number of wage earners, 111,585, the capital invested amounted to $293,211,000. the amount paid in wages, $53,792,000, the value of materials, $238,972,000, and the value of the completed products at $337,749,000.
Banking.—There were in 1919 95 National banks, with an outstanding circulation of $10,632,753 and a capital of $16,400,000 and United States bonds in deposit, $9,677,000. There were 112 State banks with a capital of $5,150,000, deposits of $75,876,000 and a surplus of $3,632,000. There were 26 trust companies with a capital of $10,570,000 and deposits of $113,846,000. The exchanges in the clearing house in Baltimore for the year ending September 30, 1919, amounted to $4,196,983,000.
Transportation.—The total railway mileage in the State is about 1,400 miles of single track. The Baltimore and Ohio has 336 miles, the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, 329 miles, the Western Maryland, 272 miles, and the Baltimore, Chesapeake and Atlantic, 88 miles.
Education.—The school population of the State is about 420,000 and the enrollment in the county schools is about 150,000. There are about 2,400 schools in the counties and about 125 in Baltimore. The average daily attendance in the county schools is about 150,000. About 6,000 teachers are employed. The total expenditures for educational purposes exceeds $5,000,000 annually. The total value of the school property is more than $10,000,000. There are many private schools in the State and several important colleges and universities, including Johns Hopkins University, University of Maryland, Western Maryland College, Goucher College for Women, and the Women's College.
Churches.—The strongest denominations in the State are Roman Catholic; Methodist Episcopal; Protestant Episcopal; Lutheran, General Synod; African Methodist; Methodist Protestant; Reformed; Methodist Episcopal, South; Presbyterian, North; and Regular Baptist, South.
Finances.—The total receipts for State expenses for the fiscal year 1919 amounted to $13,128,211, and the disbursements to $12,537,881. There was a balance on hand at the end of the year amounting to $3,018,617.
Charities and Corrections.—All the public charitable institutions of the State are under the supervision of the Board of State Aid and Charities. Among the most important of these institutions are the following: Home and Infirmary of Western Maryland, the Hospital for Consumptives, Industrial Training School for Girls, Industrial Home for Colored Girls, the Spring Grove State Hospital, the Springfield Hospital for the Insane, the Tuberculosis Sanitorium, and the Eastern Shore State Hospital.
State Government.—The governor is elected for a term of four years, and receives a salary of $4,500 per annum. Legislative sessions are held biennially in even years beginning on the first Wednesday in January, and are limited in length to 90 days. The Legislature has 27 members in the Senate, and 102 in the House, each of whom receives $5.00 per day. There are 6 representatives in Congress. The State government in 1920 was Democratic.
History.—The earliest settlement in Maryland occurred in 1631, in which year a party of English, from Virginia, under Capt. William Clayborne, established themselves on Kent Island, in Chesapeake Bay. The main colonization of this region, however, was made in 1634, by a body of English Roman Catholic cavaliers, under a charter granted to the 2d Lord Baltimore (q. v.) by Charles I., bearing date June 20, 1632. The expedition sailed from England in November, 1633, and landed on St. Clement's Island in March, 1634, founding the settlement of St. Mary's on the mainland, two days after their arrival. Leonard Calvert was elected first governor, and a House of Assembly established in 1639, which, 11 years later, was divided into two houses—the one consisting of members chosen by the Proprietary, and the other by the Freemen. In 1642, difficulties supervened from the introduction of the Puritan element into the province in the shape of a body of non-conformists, who had been exiled from Virginia. The latter, true to their natural instincts of bigotry and intolerance, soon manifested a spirit of insubordination toward the executive of their newly-adopted country; and made themselves masters of the province in 1644. Two years later, however, Governor Calvert, returning at the head of a considerable military force, succeeded in re-establishing his authority. On the overthrow of the royal authority in England, and the substitution of the Commonwealth and Puritan rule, the parti-
