MATTERHORN 155 MATTHISON MATTERHORN (mat'-) (in French Mont Cervin, in Italian Monte Silvio), a peak of the Alps between the Swiss can- ton of Valais and Piedmont, rising to the altitude of 14,705 feet. The actual peak was first scaled by Lord Francis Douglas, the Rev. C. Hudson, Hadow, and WhjTnper, with three guides, July 14, 1865, when the three first-named and one of the guides fell over a precipice and were killed. MATTHEW, an apostle of Jesus, al- most certainly the same as Levi, the son of Alpheus. (See Matt, ix: 9-13, Mark ii: 14-16, and Luke v: 27.) He was a "publican" — i. e., a taxgatherer — who sat at the receipt of custom at Capernaum on the shore of the Sea of Galilee. Tax- gatherers are rarely popular men; and, moreover, the money which Matthew raised was not for the Jewish, but for the Roman government, he was, there- fore, regarded as outside the pale of society, and his companions, when he was called to the apostleship, were "publi- cans and sinners." After his call he figures in all the lists of apostles. (Matt, x: 3; Mark iii: 18; Acts i: 13.) Clement of Alexandria represents him as dying a natural death; much later tradition represents him as having been martjrred. The Gospel according to St. Matthew, the first of the four Gospels in arrange- ment, and long most universally held to have been the first in point of publication, though it is more probable that Mark came first and Matthew only second in point of time. Eusebius fixes the date of its publi- cation in the third year of Caligula, a. d. 41, but lived too late really to know; Irenseus is in favor of a later date, ap- parently 60. Rationalistic writers, who disbelieve in prophecy, place it after the destruction of Jerusalem. In 1771 Williams attacked the authen- ticity of the first two chapters. He was followed by Stroth, Hesse, Amnion, Schleiermacher, Norton, etc. They were defended by Fleming, Griesbach, Hug, Credner, Paulus, Kuinoel. Neander, etc. All the old manuscripts and versions contain them, and they are quoted by the fathers of the 2d and 3d centuries. MATTHEWS, (JAMES) BRANDER, an American author; born in New Or- leans, La., Feb. 21, 1852. He was gradu- ated at CJolumbia College in 1871, and frorn Columbia Law School in 1873, being admitted to the bar the same year. He soon turned to literature, taking especial interest in the drama, and made himself an authority on French dramatic liter- ature; also wrote several clever comedies. He was one of the founders of the Au- thors' Club of New York, did valuable work in organizing the Amei-ican Copy- right League, and was a frequent con- tributor of essays and fiction to period- icals. Of his many wi-itings the following books are the more important: "The Theaters of Paris"; "trench Drama- tists of the Nineteenth Century"; "Mar- gery's Lovers, a Comedy"; "A Family Tree, and Other Stories"; "The Story of a Story"; "Tom Paulding"; "Studies of the Stage"; "Americanisms and Briti- cisms"; "Vignettes of Manhattan"; "In- troduction to the Study of American Lit- erature"; "The Royal Marine"; "Tales of Fantasy and Fact"; "Outlines of Local Color"; and "A Confident Tomorrow"; "Study of the Drama" (1910) ; "A Book About the Theater" (1916) ; "These Many Years" (autobiogi'aphy, 1917). He be- came Professor of Literature in Columbia University in 1892. In 1913 he was elected president of the National Institute of Arts and Letters. MATTHIAS (mat-teas), Emperor of Germany; born in Vienna, Feb. 24, 1557. In 1592 he commanded the army against the Turks in Hungary, and three years later became heir presumptive by the death of his brother Ernest. He was elected King of Hungary in 1607, King of Bohemia in 1611, and on the death of Rudolph in the following year he was chosen emperor. He died broken down by the sense of the calamities impending over his dominions, March 20, 1619. MATTHIAS CORVINUS (-ve'nos), called the Great, King of Hungary and Bohemia; born in Klausenburg, March 27, 1443. He was the son of John Huni- ades. The enemies of his father confined him in prison in Bohemia; but, on re- gaining his liberty, he was elected King of Hungary, in 1458, when only 15 years of age. His election, however, was op- posed by many of the Hungarian mag- nates, who offered the crown to Frederick III. The Turks, profiting by these divi- sions, invaded the country, but were ex- pelled by Matthias, who compelled Fred- erick to yield to him the crown of St. Stephen. The war was afterward renewed, and Matthias, overrunning Austria, took Vienna and Neustadt; on which the emperor was obliged to make a peace in 1487. He died in Vienna, April 6, 1490. MATTHISON, EBITH WYNNE, ac- tress; born in Birmingham, England, in 1875, she was educated in King Edward's Grammar School and Midland Institute, and began at 21 to appear in musical comedy, later joining Ben Greet's com- pany, playing leading parts in "The Three Musketeers" and "Money." Created
