MAXIMILIAN 162 MAXWELL MAXIMILIAN, JOSEPH, King of Bavaria; bom in Schwetzingen, Baden, May 27, 1756. He succeeded his uncle, Charles Theodore, in 1799. Attaching himself to the fortunes of Napoleon, he gave his daughter in marriage to Eugene Beauhamais in 1806. In the same year his duchy was erected into a kingdom. In 1813, how^ever, he formed a member of the league against the emperor, and by that proceeding retained his throne after the fall of Napoleon. He died in Nymphenburg, near Munich, Oct. 13, 1825. MAXIMILIAN Prince and formerly heir presumptive of Baden, a German statesman, born July 10, 1867. He Vfas president of the Upper Chamber of Baden in 1917 and in an address made at that time he indicated that his views on the war were moderate. This led to the belief that he would be acceptable as a spokesman for Germany in dealing with the Allied nations. On Oct. 2, 1918, he was made Chancellor of the Empire. His position was weakened by the pub- lication of a private letter in which he ridiculed the sincerity of his previous profession. Maximilian on assuming office at once began negotiations for peace. On Oct. 4, 1918, he appealed to President Wilson for immediate institu- tion of peace negotiations. This was followed by an exchange of notes between the German Government and Pi'esident Wilson. On the day following the send- ing of the first notes, Maximilian ad- dressed the Reichstag and indicated a disposition in which he declared his argeement with the program of the majority parties in the Reichstag for a conclusion of peace on moderate terms. Constitutional reforms were at once in- stituted under Maximilian's direction. Before these could be carried into effect, 'lowever, there was an internal collapse af the government. On Oct. 27, 1918, General von Ludendorff resigned. This was followed by a revolt of the German fleet and the seizure of Kiel by the Soldiers' Council. On Nov. 8, 1918, Maximilian resigned, but his resignation was not accepted. On November 9 he published a decree declaring that he would remain in office until the setting up of the regency had been settled. He was succeeded on the following day as Chancellor by Friedrich Ebert. MAXIMINTJS (-mi'nus), CAITJS JULIUS VERUS, a Roman emperor. He was of barbarian origin, and was at first a shepherd in Thrace. His capacity for fighting procured him rapid advance- ment, and under Alexander Severus he had the command of a legion with which he served on the Rhine. In A. D. 235 he took part in a conspiracy against Alex- ander, and on his murder by the soldiers M'as proclaimed emperor. The Gordiani having been proclaimed in Africa, Max- iminus hastened to Italy and laid siege to Aquileia. which made heroic resist- ance to the hated tyrant. He was there murdered by his soldiers, together with his son in 238. MAXIMUS, MAGNUS, a Roman em^ peror, and a Spaniard. He was general of the Roman army in Britain, where he proclaimed himself emperor in 383. Gratian marched against him, but was defeated and assassinated. Maximus, having made himself master of Gaul, Britain, and Spain, fixed the seat of his empire at Treves. He next mai'ched into Italy, where he committed dreadful ci'uel- ties, but was at last besieged in Aquileia by the Emperor Theodosius. His sol- diers delivered him up to Theodosius, who then caused him to be beheaded, in 388. MAXIMUS, PETRONIUS, a noble Roman, who became emperor in 455. In less than three months afterward he was slain in the streets for attempting to fly on the appearance of the fleet of Gen- seric, King of the Vandals. MAX MULLER. See MuLLER, F. M. MAXWELL, GENERAL SIR JOHN GRENFELL, born in 1859. Educated at Cheltenham College. Joined the 42d Highlanders in 1879. A Lieutenant of the Royal Highlanders in 1881. Captain in 1887. Served in the Egyptian War of 1882 with the 1st Battalion of the Black Watch. Was present at the bat- tle of Tel-el-Kebir. Gained a medal and the Star of the Khedive for services. Served in the Nile Expedition of 1884 as Staff Captain. With the Egyptian Field Force in 1885 as aid-de-camp to Major-General Grenfell and was pres- ent at the Giniss engagement, gaining the D. S. 0. Participated in the fight at Gemaizah in 1888, was brevetted Major. At Dongola in 1896 was mei;- tioned in dispatches and made Lieuten- ant-Colonel. Commanded the Egyptian Brigade Battalion at Omdurman. Com- manded the 14th Brigade in the South African War, 1900-1901. Military Gov- ernor of Pretoria, 1900-1901 (men- tioned in dispatches and decorated with King's and Queen's Medals, K. C. B.) Chief of Staff of 3d Army Corps, 1902- 1904. Served in the World War in 1914-1915. Commander-in-Chief in Ire- land in 1916. Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Command, 1916-1919.
