MIGRATION 223 MILAN DECBEE grant flower, indigenous in northern and northeastern Africa. There is an Egyp- tian variety called tree mignonette. MIGRATION, in zoology, ornithology, etc., a term applied to the periodical or irregular movements of all animals, especially to those of birds and fishes, for though the movements of some mam- mals correspond in some degree to those of birds, they are rather incursions than true migrations. Most of the birds that spend their spring and summer in the temperate parts of the United States pass the winter in the far S.; the winter visitants pass the summer in the ex- treme N., some of them breeding in Greenland, Lapland, or Iceland. Many sea fishes migrate to a limited extent for the purpose of depositing their spawn in favorable situations. In botany, many seeds have downy or feathery appendages which ^ when the wind blows influence their motion through the air; others are floated down rivers and the ocean casts them on dis- tant shores. MIGUEL (me-gel'), MARIA EVA- RISTO, DOM, Duke of Braganza, and so-called King of Portugal; bom in Lis- bon, Portugal, Oct. 26, 1802; son of John VI. At six years of age he emi- grated with the royal family to Brazil, and when his father succeeded to the throne in 182 1,, Miguel rebelled three times against him, and was banished. On the death of John, in 1826, Miguel was made regent. He seized the throne to which Maria da Gloria was heir. A revolution broke out and Dom Miguel after defeat was compelled to sign, in 1834, a capitulation and return to Portu- gal. He died at Brombach, Baden, Nov. 14, 1866. MIKADO (me-ka'do) (Japanese=the exalted), poetic title of the Emperor of Japan. Yoshihito, the present ruler, is the 122d or 124th of his line, founded about 660 B. c. Seven of the mikados were women. MIKKELSON, EJNAB, Danish ex- plorer; bom in Jutland in 1880. He served in the Amdrup expedition to Christian XI. Land in 1900 and in the Baldwin-Ziegler expedition to Franz Josef Land in 1900 and 1902. He and Leffingwell directed an Anglo-American expedition into the Arctic in 1906-1907, spending the winter there. He organized an expedition to survey the N. E. coast of Greenland in 1910, in which he lost his ship, and returned to within reach of rescue by sledge. His writings in- clude "Conquering the Arctic" (1909) and "Lost in the Arctic" (1913). MIKNAS (mik'nas), or MEQXTINEZ (mek'i-nez), a town of Morocco, the summer residence of the Sultan, and the mosque of Muley Ismail is the burial place of the royal house. MILAN (mi-lan', or mil'an), a city of northern Italy, capital of the prov- ince of Milan, and the fomier capital of Lombardy. The most remarkable among its public buildings are the cathedral, an imposing Gothic structure, inferior only to that of St. Peter's at Rome, or St. Paul's of London, being 485 feet long, 252 feet broad, and height of dome 355 feet, adorned with over 4,500 statues; the church of St. Ambrose, in which the German emperors usually received the Lombard crown; the Palazzo del Corte, or royal palace, and the Teatro della Scala. In the Piazza di Castello is an arena built by Napoleon I. in 1806, on the model of the amphitheater at Rome, Principal institutions are the Brera Palace, which has a library of over 140,- 000 volumes, and the Ambrosian College, containing a library of over 95,000 volumes, and 15,000 MSS. Attached to the latter is also a gallery of paintings, containing works by Titian.^ Da Vinci, Luini, Albano, etc., and sketches by Raphael, Pietro de Cortona, and Cara- vaggio. Manufactures velvets, silks, ribbons, laces, carpets, glass, paper, etc. Milan is the center of the silk trade of northern Italy. Milan (ancient Medio- lanum), supposed to have been founded by the Gauls, was annexed to the Ro- man dominions by Scipio Nascica, 191 B. c. In the 4th century, it held the rank of the 6th city of the Roman empire. Pop. about 700,000. MILAN I., King of Serbia; bom in Jassy, Moldavia, Aug. 22, 1854. He studied at Paris, at the Lycee Louis-le- Grand. The assassination of his cousin. Prince Michael, caused his recall to Serbia, where he was proclaimed prince at the age of 14. A Council of Regency administered the government till the prince came of age. In 1875 he married Natalie, Princess of Stourdza, from whom he was afterward divorced, and by whom he had a son, who became King Alexander. Owing to the troubles aris- ing out of disagreement with the queen, he abdicated in favor of his son, March 6, 1889. He was reconciled to Queen Natalie in 1893, and in 1894, despite his pledge to the contrary, he returned to Belgrade. He died in Vienna, Feb. 11, 1901. MILAN DECREE, a decree issued by Napoleon I. from Milan. Feb. 18, 1801, for cutting off Great Britain from all connection with the Continent.
