clothing factories. The total value of manufactured products in Louisville amounts to $313,000,000 per annum. It is the center of the tobacco industry of the United States.
There were in 1920 four National and ten State banks, with deposits of over $100,000,000. The city has a branch of the Federal Reserve district bank. The bank clearings in 1919 were $1,635,533,961.
In 1920 over 35,000 children were enrolled in the public schools. There were 3 high schools, and 70 school buildings. The institutions of higher education include the University of Louisville (academic, law and medical departments); the Jefferson School of Law; the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary; the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of Kentucky, and several important institutions for the education of colored people. There are several excellent daily papers, including the famous “Courier-Journal.”
History.—The first settlement was made here in 1778 by 13 families under Col. George Roger Clarke. Two years later the place was incorporated by an act of the Virginia Legislature, and called Louisville in honor of Louis XVI. of France, whose soldiers were then aiding the Americans in the Revolutionary War. During its early history it suffered greatly from Indian attacks. It was chartered as a city Feb. 13, 1828. In 1890 it was visited by a cyclone which destroyed $3,000,000 worth of property and killed 100 persons.
LOUNSBURY, THOMAS RAYNESFORD, an American scholar; born in Ovid, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1838. He was graduated at Yale in 1859, and led the life of a student in Anglo-Saxon and early English, and a writer in critical and biographical works, till 1862, when he enlisted as a volunteer in the Union army, served as 1st lieutenant of the 126th New York Volunteers, and was mustered out at the close of the war; after 1871 occupied the chair of Professor of English in the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. Among his published works are Chaucer's “House of Fame” and “Parlement of Foules”; “History of the English Language” (1879); biography of James Fenimore Cooper in “American Men of Letters” series (1883); his crowning work, which brought him great celebrity, “Studies in Chaucer, his Life and Writings” (3 vols. 1892); “Shakespeare and Voltaire” (1902); “The Standard of Pronunciation in English” (1904); “The Standard of Usage in English” (1908); “Shakespeare as Dramatic Artist” (1912). He died in 1915.
LOURDES (lörd), a town of France, in the department of Hautes-Pyrénées, arrondissement of and 6 miles N. N. E. of Argeles, on the Gave-de-Pau, 10 miles W. by N. from Bagnères-de-Bigorre, on the Toulouse and Bayonne railroad; situated at the foot of an almost inaccessible rock, and commanded by a strong castle, now used as a prison; in the neighborhood are marble and slate quarries. In modern times a famous place of pilgrimage, a fact due to the belief that in 1858 the Virgin Mary appeared in a grotto in the neighborhood, above which a magnificent basilica has since been erected. Pop. commune, 8,805.
LOURENCO MARQUEZ (lō-rān′sö mär′kes), one of the 6 districts of the province of Mozambique in Portuguese East Africa, and the name of the capital of the district and province. It is the seat of the governor-general of the province, is located on Delagoa Bay and is the terminus of the Delagoa Bay railway to Pretoria (347 miles) and of a new line, still under construction, to the border of Swaziland. Imports (1916) about $7,000,000; exports (1916) about $1,500,000. Pop. 13,154. See Delagoa Bay; Mozambique; Portuguese East Africa.
LOUSE, the genus Pediculus. The
sexes of lice are distinct. The female
is oviparous, producing eggs, popularly
called nits. The young are hatched in
five or six days, and in 18 these are
capable of reproduction. Three species are
parasitic in certain circumstances on
man. The body or clothes louse,
Pediculus corporis or vestimentorum; the
head or common louse, P. capitis; and
the public or crab louse, P. pubis. The
first species lives in the folds of the
clothing in some elderly and uncleanly
people. It has the abdomen three times
as broad as the thorax.
LOUTH, the smallest county in Ireland situated in the province of Leinster. Its area is 317 square miles and its population (about 60,000) has been decreasing steadily. The soil is excellent both for agriculture and pasture.
LOUVAIN (lö-wang′) (German Löwen, Flemish Leuven), a city in the Belgian province of Brabant, 19 miles by rail E. of Brussels; chief industries, bell-founding, brewing, and the manufacture of leather, paper, lace, starch, and chemicals; prior to the World War the city had a town-house, a richly-decorated Gothic building (1448-1469); the Church of St. Peter, with a beau-
