MULE 343 MULLET in short, thick spikes, a four-parted peri- anth, containing either four stamens or one pistil with two styles, the perianth of the female flowers becoming succulent and closing over the small pericarp, the whole spike coalescing into an aggregate fruit. MULE, in zoology, a term loosely used as synonymous with hybrid, more usually applied to the produce of a male ass with a mare, the mule proper (Equus asinus, variety gamma), and to the hinny (E. asinus, variety delta), the off- spring of a stallion and a she-ass. The mule does not attain maturity as soon as the horse, but is useful a much longer period. In botany, a hybrid; a cross between two distinct species, MULHALL, MICHAEL GEORGE, a British statistician; born in Dublin, Ire- land, in 1836. Having removed to South America, he founded the Buenos Ayres "Standard" (1861). the first English daily paper printed in South America. He published: "Handbook of the River Plata" (5th ed. 1885), translated into Spanish; "Progress of the World" (1880); "Dictionary of Statistics" (new ed. 1892) ; "Industries and Wealth of Na- tions" (1896); etc. He died in Dublin, Ireland, Dec. 12, 1900. MULHAUSEN, or MUHLHAUSEN (miil'hou-zen) (in French Mulhouse), a commercial and manufacturing town of Alsace, capital of the circle of Miil- hausen, on the 111 river and the Rhone canal, 17% miles N. W. of Basil, Switzer- land. Miilhausen is first mentioned in 717; became an imperial free city in 1273; in the 15th century entered into an alliance with the Swiss which lasted till 1798, when it became French; was ceded to Germany, with Alsace, in 1871. Its industrial importance dates from 1746, when a cotton factory was estab- lished. It was the birthplace of Lam- bert, the mathematician. Miilhausen was captured by a French force in the first months of the World War, but was regained by the Germans, and remained in their possession until the end of the war. Pop. 100,000. See Alsace-Lorraine. MULHEIM-ON-THE-RHINE, a city of Germany in the Rhine province. It contains many handsome ancient and modern buildings. Prior to the World War it had important manufactories of silk, machinery, chemicals, and tobacco. Pop. about 55,000. MiJLHEIM-ON-THE-BUHR, a city of Germany in the Rhine province. In the surrounding region are important coal and iron mines and it had, prior to the World War, important industrial in- terests, including manufactories of ma- chinery, tubes, leather, beer, etc. Pop. about 115,000. MULL, an island on the W. coast of Scotland, one of the Hebrides, belonging to Argyllshire, from which it is sep- arated by the Sound of Mull and the Firth of Lome; length 30 miles, breadth 29 miles. The island is for the most part mountainous, the highest point be- ing Benmore, 3,185 feet above sea-level. The land in some parts is adapted for grazing, and there are numerous fresh- water lochs. The only town is Tober- mory. MULLANITE, a mineral consisting of lead sulph-antimonite. Occurs as slen- der, steel-gray prisms, with a metallic luster. Found in Idaho and Montana. MULLEIN, the common English name for the plant Verbascum Thapstis, natu- ral oi'der Scrophulariacese. The common mullein grows in old fields, roadsides, etc., and is a tall rough plant. The flowers are yellow, almost sessile, and are disposed in a long, cylindrical spike. MULLER, FRIEDRICH, called PAINT- ER MiJLLER, a German painter and dram- atist; born in Kreuznach, Prussia, Jan. 13, 1749. His first interest was in art and in 1778 he went to Rome to study painting, but his pictures were unsuccess- ful. He wrote: "Bacchido and Milo" (1775); "The Satyr Mopsus" (1775); "Adam's First Awaking and First Happy Nights" (1778) : the dramas "Genoveva" (1808); "Life of Faust" (latest ed. 1881) ; the opera "Niobe" (1778) ; etc. (*' Works," new ed., Heidel- berg, 1825.) He died in Rome, April 23, 1825. MULLER, FRIEDRICH MAX, a German philologist; born in Dessau, Ger- many, Dec. 6, 1823; son of Wilhelm Miiller, the German poet; was educated at the Universities of Berlin and Leip- sic; removed to England in 1846; and was Professor of Comparative Philology at the University of Oxford in 1868-1875. He was the editor or translator of "Hito- padesa" (1844); the "Rig-Vedas" (6 vols. 1849-1874) • etc., and the author of "A History of Ancient Sanskrit Litera- ture" (1859) ; "Lectures on the Science of Languages" (1861-1864) ; "Chips from a German Workshop" (1868-1875) ; "Lectures on the Science of Religion" (1870) ; etc. He died in Oxford, Eng- land, Oct. 28, 1900. MULLET, in ichthyology, the popular name of the genus Mtdlus and of the
