MURPHY 354 MUBRAY MURPHY, LAMBERT, tenor; born in Springfield, Mass., in 1845, he studied at Harvard, and while there took singing lessons under T. L. Cushman. He then commenced singing in churches at Bos- ton, Brookline, Fairhaven, and New York, finally joining the Metropolitan Opera in 1911. Since that time he has been heard on many platforms all over the United States. MUBPHYSBORO, a city of Illinois, the county-seat of Jackson co., 87 miles S. E. of St. Louis, Mo. It is situated on the Big Muddy river and on the Illinois Central, the Mobile and Ohio, and the St. Louis, Iron Mountain, and Southern railroads. It contains the St. Andrew's Hospital and an excellent high school. The city is the center of important agri- cultural and mining industries. There are railroad shops and manufactories of flour, lumber, shoes, bricks, etc. The city has the commission form of govern- ment. Pop. (1910) 7,485; (1920) 10,703. MURRAIN, an infectious disease among domestic animals, especially cat- tle; an epizootic disease or cattle-plague of any kind, especially the foot-and- mouth disease. MURRAY, the largest river in Aus- tralia, rising in the Australian Alps about 36° 40' S. and 147° E., its source being partly in New South Wales, partly in Victoria. It flows for a long distance W., forming the boundary between the two colonies, then passes into South Aus- tralia, where it takes a S. direction, and falls into the sea through a large shallow pheet of water called Lake Alexandrina. There is a sandbar at the mouth which impedes navigation, but small steamers ascend the river as high as Albury, 1,700 miles from its mouth. Its chief trib- utaries are the Murrumbidgee, the Dar- ling, and the Lachlan. The Darling be- fore its junction with the Murray may even be considered the main stream. MURRAY, ARTHUR, American sol- dier; born in Bowling Green, Mo., in 1851, he graduated from the U. S. Mili- tary Academy in 1874 and was admitted to the bar at St. Louis in 1895. Mean- while he had been appointed 2d lieutenant of the 1st U. S. artillery and instructor in philosophy at the U. S. Military Acad- emy. He was acting judge-advocate for the Department of Missouri from 1887 to 1891 and acting adjutant-general of the Department of Dakota in 1891. He was professor of military science at Yale 1896-1898 and acting judge-advocate of the 1st Army Corps and of Matanzas and Santa Clara, Cuba, in 1899. He be- came brigadier-general in 1906 and major-general in 1911, retiring in 1915. His works include: "A Manual for Court-Martial" and "Manual of Arms." MURRAY, DAVID CHRISTIE, an English novelist; born in West Brom- wich, Staffordshire, England, April 13, 1847. He had served as reporter and then as war correspondent (1877-1878) for several newspapers, when in 1879 he published "A Life's Atonement" in "Chamber's Journal." In the same jour- nal appeared "Val Strange" and "John Vale's Guardian." Other works are "By the Gate of the Sea"; "The Way of the World"; "Aunt Rachel"; "Old Blazer's Hero"; "The Weaker Vessel"; "A Dan- gerous Catspaw"; etc. In 1889 went on the stage. He died Aug. 2, 1907. MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY, a British lexicographer; born in Denholm, Roxburgshire, Scotland, in 1837. He has long been compiling "A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles" (first number 1888), founded mainly on materials collected by the Phil- ological Society. The aim of this dic- tionary "is to furnish an adequate ac- count of the meaning, origin, and history of English words now in general use, or known to have been in use at any time during the past 700 years." Its purpose is "not to dictate to usage, but to record usage." Dr. Murray also published "Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland," and similar philological stud- ies. He died in 1915. MURRAY, JAMES STUART, EARL OF, Regent of Scotland, the natural son of James V. by Margaret, daughter of Lord Erskine; born in 1533. He became a warm supporter of the Reformers, and was chosen a member of the council, and one of the lords of the articles. On the return of Mary to Scotland as queen, Murray became her chief adviser, and was created first, Earl of Mar, and then Earl of Murray. He was opposed to the queen's marriage wi"^h Damley, and has been accused of implication in the murder of the latter. He saw his sister a cap- tive in Lochleven Castle, and was soon after named regent. Mary having es- caped and taken arms, he encountered and defeated her at Langside, in 1568, and was one of the witnesses against her on her trial. The regent Murray fell by the shot of an assassin in Lin- lithgow, Jan. 21, 1570. MURRAY, JOHN, founder of Uni- versalism in the United States; born in Alton, Eng., Dec. 10, 1741; died in Boston, Mass., Sept. 3, 1815. MURRAY, SIR JOHN, British army oflacer; born in 1853. Educated at Har-
