£EICHE17B£B.G 482 BEID REICHENBERG, the chief seat of the cloth manufacture in north Bohemia; on the Neisse river; 52 miles N. E. of Pragxie. Some 10,000 workmen are em- ployed; cotton and woolen fabrics, ma- chinery, and leather are manufactured. The cloth industry was establised here in the 16th century. Pop. about 40,000. BEICHSRATH, the representative council of the former Empire of Austria. See Austria. REICHSTADT, NAPOLEON FBAN- COIS CHABLES JOSEPH, DUKE DE. See Napoleon II. BEICHSTAG, under the empire, the representative legislative body of the German nation as a whole, as the Bun- desrath was of the separate German states. The president of the Reichstag was elected by the deputies. See GER- MANY. EEID, GEOBGE, a Scotch artist; born In Aberdeen, Scotl'^nd, Oct. 31, 1841. After having been trained as a lithog- rapher, he studied art in Edinburgh, Utrecht, Paris, and The Hague. In 1891 he became president of the Royal Scot- tish Academy. He is most widely known by his portraits. He was also noted as a flower and landscape painter and a book illustrator. Died 1913. BEID, SIB GEOBGE HOUSTOUN, an Australian political leader, born in Scot- land in 1845 and died in Australia in 1918. In 1852 his family emigrated to Australia and he entered the government service there when he was nineteen years old. In 1880, after having served in the colonial legislature of New South Wales, he was appointed minister of in- struction, a position he occupied but a few months. From 1894 to 1899 he was premier of New South Wales, and later when the Commonwealth was formed be- came prime minister, championing the cause of free trade. Defeated in 1905, he continued to lead his party for three years afterward, when he retired from active politics. BEID, MAYNE, a British novelist; born in north Ireland^ in 1818. His love of adventure took him to Mexico and then to the United States, where he trav- eled extensively as hunter or trader; he joined the United States army in 1845 and fought in the Mexican War. He afterward returned to London, where he became well known as a writer of thrill- ing juvenile stories. Among the num- ber are the "Rifle Rangers," "Scalp Hunters," the "War Trail," the "Head- less Horseman," the "White Chief," etc. He died near London, Oct. 22, 1883. BEID, OGDEN MILLS, an American newspaper editor and owner, son of Whitelaw Reid. Born in New York in 1882 he graduated from Yale University in 1904 and then went to Bonn Univer- sity, Germany. In 1908 he was ad- mitted to the bar, but soon afterward joined the editorial staff of the New York "Tribune." In 1913 he succeeded his father as editor of the paper. BEID, THOMAS, a Scotch philoso- pher; born in Strachan, Scotland, April 26, 1710. He was educated at Maris- chal College, Aberdeen, and in 1737 was presented to the living of New Machar in Aberdeenshire. His first philosophi- cal work was an "Essay on Quantity" (1748). In 1752 the professors of King's College, Aberdeen, elected Reid Professor of Moral Philosophy in that college; and in 1764 he published his well-known work, "An Inquiry Into the Pluman Mind on the Principles of Com- mon Sense." The same year he suc- ceeded Adam Smith as Professor of Moral Philosophy in Glasgow Univer- sity, a position which he occupied till 1781. His other writings are "Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man," and "Essays on the Active Powers of the Human Mind." His philosophy was di- rected against the principles and infer- ences of Berkeley and Hume, to which he opposed the doctrine of common sense. He died Oct. 7, 1796. BEID, SIB WEMYSS, an English journalist; born in Newcastle-on-Tyne, in 1842. He contributed largely to Eng- lish reviews and magazines, and pub- lished: "Cabinet Portraits: Sketches of Leading Statesmen of Both Parties" (1872); "Charlotte Bronte: A Mono- graph" (1877) ; "Politicians of Today" (1879); "A Memoir of John Deakin Heaton" (1883); "Gladys Fane: A Story of Two Lives" (1883) ; "Maulever- er's Millions" (1885); "Life of William Edward Forster" (1888). He was edi- tor of the "Speaker" from its founda- tion till 1899. He was knighted in 1894, and died in 1905. BEID, WHITELAW, an American editor; born in Xenia, O., Oct. 27, 1837. He was graduated at Miami University in 1856; was on the editorial staff of several leading Ohio papers; in 1869 be- came managing editor of the New York "Tribune," and, after 1872, editor-in- chief and in financial control. He twice declined appointment as minister to Ger- many; and was minister to France in 1889-1892, where he negotiated valuable reciprocity treaties. In 1892 he was the unsuccessful Republican candidate for Vice-President. He represented the
