SACRAMENTO 170 SACRIFICE continued for many years to adhere to this confession presented to the diet of Augsburg in their name; but eventually they accepted the so-called Confession of Augsburg, and were merged in the gen- eral body of Lutherans. On the contrary, the article of Zwingli upon the Eucharist was in substance embodied in the confes- sion of the Helvetic Church. SACRAMENTO, a city, capital of the State of California, and county-seat of Sacramento co. ; at the confluence of the Sacramento and American rivers, at the head of low water navigation, 96 miles N. E. of San Francisco. It is built on a broad, low plain and has strong levees as a protection against floods. It has a semi-tropical climate, and vegetation is most luxuriant. The city has about 200 manufacturing establishments, and the combined annual output exceeds $75 r 000,- 000 in value. There is a large variety of industries, the most important including the manufacture of agricultural imple- ments, carriages and wagons, pottery, woolen goods, machinery, furniture, etc. Here are also the Southern Pacific rail- road shops which cover 25 acres of ground and employ about 4,000 men. The con- venient location of Sacramento in the center of a rich agricultural region gives it a large trade with the interior of the State. There are a number of National and State banks, and numerous daily and weekly periodicals. The assessed prop- erty valuation is nearly $136,400,000. Public Interests. — The streets are well laid out, and mostly lighted by electricity. The State capitol, which stands in a beau- tiful plaza covering 30 acres, was fin- ished in 1869 at a cost of about $2,500,000. Within the plaza are the State Printing office and the Exposition Building of the State Agricultural Society. In the latter the resources of the State are annually exhibited. There are over 1,000 acres of ]jarks, and 98 miles of paved streets. The thirteen banks in 1920 had deposits of $66,000,000. The clearings in 1919 were for $300,000,000. There are thirty-six school buildings, with an enrollment of over 13,000 pupils. The other noteworthy buildings include the court house, United States Government building, city hall, Hall of Justice, Agricultural Pavilion, City Library, Crocker Art Gallery, the California State bank, Fort Sutter (re- built), the Sacramento Institute, Chris- tian Brothers' College, California State Library, Mater Misericordia and South- ern Pacific Railroad Hospitals, Children's Day Home, and many charitable homes. History. — Capt. John A. Sutter built a fort here in 1839, but the city was not settled till 1848, after the discovery of gold. The first house was built in 1849. Sacramento was made the State capital in 1854, and received its city charter in 1863. It has suffered severely twice from fire and twice from inundation. Pop. (1910) 44,696; (1920) 65,908. SACRAMENTO, a river of the United States, in California. It rises in Lassen co., flows W. then S. and drains the central valley of California from the N. Its course is about 500 miles, 320 of which are navigable for small vessels. It dis- charges its waters into the Suisun Bay, on the line between Contra Costa ar>d Solono counties. SACRED HEART, in the Roman Church, the physical heart of Christ, con- sidered, not as mere flesh, but as united to the divinity. It is the object of a special devotion, founded in the latter part of the 17th century by a French nun of the Order of the Visitation, Sister Margaret Mary Alacoque (beatified in 1864), and first preached in England by Father de la Colombiere, S. J., chaplain to Mary of Modena, queen of James II. The feast of the Sacred Heart is cele- brated on the Friday (in England on the Sunday) after the octave of Corpus Christi. SACRED HEART, LEAGUE OF THE, or Apostleship of Prayer in League With the Sacred Heart of Jesus, a confraternity of the Catholic faithful, founded at Vals, in France, 1844, by Father Gautrelet, S. J., with the intention of promoting an apostolic spirit among the young Jesuit students located there. The association, with its motto "Thy Kingdom Come," attracted the pious and soon spread throughout the Catholic world. Father Ramiere, S. J., added to the progress of the confraternity by the establishment of the "Messenger of the Sacred Heart of Jesus," which became, in various lan- guages, the monthly organ. Names of members are kept on record and number over 25,000,000 while local centers are around 63,000. There are over 5,000,000 members in the United States. SACRED WAR, a war about sacred places or about religion. Four sacred wars were waged in Greece (595-338 B. c.) chiefly for the defense of the temple of Delphi and the sacred territory sur- rounding it. A Mohammedan war for the faith is called a Jihad. The Cru- sades and the wars of the Reformation were sacred wars. The quarrel which led to the Crimean War was at first a dis- pute between Russia and France about sacred spots at Jerusalem. SACRIFICE, the offering of anything to God or to any deity. Also that which is sacrificed, offered, or consecrated to
