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Thefc bitters are of the number of many other fubftances, where the goodnefs of a Tinfture does not more depend upon the choice of the ingredients, than upon the manner of their being infufed ; for if fuch be fuffered to remain too long in the menilruum, or if heat be ufed in extracting the Tintfure, the grofs, terreftrial, and naufeous parts of the ingredients will be fetched out, and the Tinfture will thus be loaded with a heavy indolent matter of little virtue. Shaw's Lectures,
p. 202.
If however, a greater ftrength be required in the Tintlure than can be procured by fo flight an infufion, when the in- gredients are of this nature the matter fhould never be fuffered to be heated or ftand long on the fame ingredients, but mould be when ftrained off, poured on frefh ones, and fo on till or any ftrength defired, yet perfectly free from the groffer parts. Apothecaries ufually commit the fame error in their finer Tinfiuresy that they do in their cordial waters, faturating the liquor in both cafes with the grofler and more ufelefs part of the ingredients : whence the cordial waters of the ihops too often abound with a grofs heavy oil, and the Tinclures with a grofs heavy earth, or kind of bituminous matter, inftead of the brifk, lively, and invigorating fpirit, which alone is the thing required in both cafes.
To extract the Tin&ures of hard, refinous, or gummy bodies, however, requires a different treatment, and muft be effected in another manner. See the article GuM-Zac. A great variety of Tinflures may be given to common water, and many remarkable things occur in their changes on the addi- tion of commonmenftruums. Take a large fpoonful of the fyrup of pomegranate-flowers, mix it with five fpoonfuls of water ; the mixture will be of a very lively and brilliant red : for a violet colour, take the fame quantity of fyrup of violets and the fame of water. When thefe Tinitures are thus prepared have at hand a vial in which is a fmall portion of oil of tar- tar, which will only look like water remaining after the waffl- ing of the vial. Pour the red or the violet Tinfiure into this vial, and it immediately becomes a fine grafs green. Diflblve the quantity of a walnut of crude fal armoniac in a glafs of Water, pour all out except three or four drops at the bot- tom, and pour into this glafs the fine red liquor, and it im- mediately becomes black as ink. In order to change the pur- ple liquor red, only have a fmall quantity of fpirit of vitriol in the bottom of a vial, and pour into this ; the violet water it immediately on this becomes of a florid red. Steep Brafil wood in common water, or in white wine twenty hours, the liquor will then look of the colour of red wine ; pour this into a glafs wafhed with vinegar and it becomes of a fine yellow, like fack. If this experiment be made with white wine, the wood and the vinegar make fo little alteration in it, that it may be drank afterwards, and the whole procefs feems a way of turning red port into fack. Into this liquor when yellow, drop a few drops of a Tintlure of benjamin made in fpirit of wine, and it immediately lofes its yellow colour and becomes white. Beat fome galls to fine powder, and rub the powder on a towel, then put into a bafon of water, in which any perfon is going to wafh their hands and face, a fmall piece of common green vitriol, or copperas, after the perfon has wafhed, let them have this towel to wipe on, and the hands and face will be as black as if wafhed with common writing ink. The copperas in the water and the galls on the towel making real ink where they mix. This does no lafting in- jury to the fkin, but will come off again upon warning with foap. Phil. Tranf. N\ 238. p. 88.
Tincture of Ambergreafe. See thearticle Amrergrease.
Tincture of Antimony, Tintlura Antimonii, is thus made; take fait of tartar a pound, antimony half a pound, rectified fpirit of wine a quart ; reduce the antimony to powder, and mix it with the fait by fufion over a ftrong fire. When it is cold, powder it, and pour on the fpirit of wine ; digeft them together three or four days in a fand heat, and then fil- tre off the clear Tinfture for ufe. The fait of tartar yields a TinRure as well as the antimony. It is a diaphoretic and atte- nuant.
Tinctura Antiphibyftca. SeeTiNCTURA Saiurntna.
Tinctura Foetida, the ftinking Tinclure, a form of me- dicine in the late London Difpenfatory prepared in this man- ner; take aflafcetida four ounces, rectified fpirit of wine a quart, digeft them together for fome time, and then ftrain off and filtre the TinSlure through paper.
Tinctura Marth cumSpiritu Satis, amedicine thus prepared; take filings of iron half a pound, Glauber's fpirit of fea-falt three pounds ; digeft all together without heat, as long as the fpirit will work upon the filings ; then after the fasces have fubfided, pour off the clear liquor, evaporating it to one pound and adding rectified fpirit of wine three pints. This Tinclure is good in all the cafes, in which the fal mar- th is fo. See the article Sal Mortis.
Tinctura Sacra, a TinSlure of aloes, called alfo hiera ptcra.
The late London difpenfatory have ordered this to be made of only eight ounces of aloes, and two ounces of winter's bark, powdered and put into five quarts of white wine, which is to be (hook often, and kept in fufion a week or more without heat,
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and then ftrained off for ufe. Pemberton\ Lond. Difp. p. 266.
It is a very good method to mix fome clean white fand with this, to prevent the aloes from running together in lumps.
Tincture of Saffron. See thearticle Saffron.
Tinctura SATURNiNA,thclead77«#«r<?, a name given in the late London difpenfatory to the Tinclure before called Tintlura Antipbtbifica.
It is made of fugar of lead and green vitriol, each two ounces ; of rectified fpirit a quart. The falts are feparately to be re- duced to powder and then put into the fpirit, then the whole is to ftand fome days without heat to extract the Tintlure, and afterwards filtered through paper. Pembertonz Lond. Difp. p. 277.
Many perfons have found great perplexity in making this Tinc- ture, it having at firft begun to {hew a good colour, but after- wards loft it ; this accident is owing to heat ufually employed in making the Tinfture,
This Tintlure is a powerful ftyptic, and is often ufed with good fuccefs in hectic fevers, fpittings of blood, heat of the kid- neys, fimple gonorrhoeas, fluor albus, and tabes dorfalis. It was firft recommended by Etmuller; who from its effect gave it the name of Tintlura antipbtbyfica, which our col- lege of phyficians have changed to that of TirMura Saturnina* We alfo find it in the pharmacopcea of Edinburgh, and in the beft of the foreign ones. Mr. Boyle recommends it, and our molt eminent phyficians ufe it; notwitbfhnding that fome authors confider it as a dangerous medicine, on account of its principal ingredient, the jaccbarum faiumi, which fome call a flow po'ifon. Whether it be (a or not when given in fub- ftance, it is certain, that there is a great difference between acorrofive fait (o given, and a Tinclure made of the fame, in fpirit of wine, and given in fmall dofes, as, Dr. Mead ob- ferves. Who adds, that in flow hectic fevers attended with a loofenefs, profufe fweats, and a colliquation of the humours, he reckons two or three drachms, given at different times in cooling liquors every twenty-four hours, to be a convenient dofe. But the ufual dofe is thirty drops in Biiftol water, or fome temperate or cool julep. See Acq. of a ?nedical controverf in the City of Cork. p. 58, 59.
Tinctura Sena, a form of medicine prefcribed in the new London pharmacopcea, and intended to ftand in the place of the medicine commonly called elixir falutis, and Daffy's elixir. It is thus made, take ftoned railins fixteen ounces, leaves of fena a pound, carraway feeds an ounce and half, car- damom-feeds half an ounce, proof fpirit a gallon ; digeft all together without heat, and when the Tmtlure is well extracted prefs off the fpirit and filtre it for ufe. Pemberton's Lond. Difp. p. 278.
Tinctura 5r_y^/fi7,aform of medicinemade with very little trou- ble and apparatus, and ferving to fupply the place of that elabo- rate preparation theTintlure of Helvetius ; it is prefcribed in the late London pharmacopcea, and is to be made bymixing a dram of calcined green vitriol with a quart of French brandy Tinc- tured by the cafk, this is to be fhook together that the brandy may turn black, and then ftrained off for ufe. Pembertons Lond. Difp. p. 280.
Tinctura Thebaica, a name now given to the Tintlure of opium, commonly called laudanum.
The method of making this is alfo much altered, as well as the name in the late London difpenfatory, where the faffron being looked on as an ufelefs ingredient is wholly left out, and the medicine ordered to be prepared in the following manner : Take of opium ftrained two ounces, of cinnamon and cloves each a dram, white wine a pint, infufe without heat a week and then ftrain off the wine through paper. Pcmbcrton's Lond. Difp. p. 266.
Tinctures, in heraldry, a word ufed to exprefs colours, red, blue, green, and the like.
The writers on heraldry have had great difputes about which of thefe colours or Tintlures are the moft honourable. All agree hi giving the pre-eminence to the metals gold, and filver that is to the yellow and white colours ; as to the others, fome efteem them more noble as they approach more to light, that is to whitenefs. Upton, on this account ranges them thus ; azure or blue, gules or red, purpur or purple, vert or green, fable or black ; others wholly diffent from this, and prefer thofe co- flours moft which can be feen at the greateft diftance ; with thefe, fables or black is the moft honourable or firft colour ; and they alledge the imperial black eagle, placed in a white field as an inftance of this. Leigh prefers the red to the blue, as the red has fome alliance to gold, and the blue to filver ; the fable is generally preferred to green and purple, by thofe who give the red and blue the firft places : it is in this efteem on account of its ftrong appearance ; and green is preferred to purple, becaufe the latter is but of very late ufe in heraldry, and is called a new colour.
All the precedence given to Tintlures muft however be con- fidered with this fpecial provifo, that there is no particular reafon for bearing them otherwife in the arms of kingdoms and families. In all coats of arms there fhould be two co- lours or Tintlures ; and it is the general rule that the field fhould be of a nobler colour than the figures placed upon it :
thus
