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afterwards from the reft, and if they hold on their beauty to the laft, which the flonfts call dying well, they will never return to plain flowers again ; and the off-lets from the roots of thefe will always produce fuch flowers^ and often more beautiful than tbofe of the parent root.
When the Tulips have flowered, their heads fhould be broken off to prevent their feeding, which would make them flower much the worfe the next year. Miller's Gardener's Di&. The Dutch have always been admirers of flowers, and before the prefent famion of cultivating the auriculas and carnations came up among them to the height it now is ar, they took the fame care of Tulips. The prices they fold thefe at among one another, are amazing. Munting tells us, that in the years 1634., and the four or five following, they not only purchafed them at extravagant rates beyond credibility, but many of the burghers, fhopkeepers and tradef- men, quitted their fhops and trade, and addicted themfelves folely to the culture and cure of their Tulips, The fineft of them were then valued above gold or gems ; and there is an account of one bargain for the purchaee of that Tulip which they call the viceroy, preferv'd : The perfbn who purchafed this, not having money, paid for it the following things ; two lafts of wheat, four lails of rye, four fat oxen, twelve fat fheep, eight fat hogs, two hoglheads of wine, four tons of beer, two ton weight of butter, a thoufand pound weight of cheefe, a bed, a fuit of cloaths, and a large filver beaker ; the whole valued at two thoufand five hundred gilders. We have another account about the fame time, of twelve acres of good land offered for one Tulip root. And at a publick fale of a private perfon's collection there was made ninety thoufand gilders. This madnefs would have run yet higher among them, but the ftates at length took it into coniide- rat'ion, and finding it very detrimental to fubltamial and ne- ceflary trade, put a flop to it, and reduced the price. Munt- ing. de Plant.
Tulip-TV^, a very beautiful American tree, which produces flowers fuppofed like thole of the Tulip. Thefe trees ufed to be kept in tubs, and houfed in winter with great care ; but foine of them having been planted out in the open air at Lord Peterborough's at Fulham, they throve much better than thofe which were fo carefully hurs'd up, and fopn pro- duced abundance of flowers.
The tree is commonly found wild in all the northern parts of America, where its timber is of very great \x{^. The flowers are not in reality much like thofe of the Tulips tho' vulgarly fatd to be fo. The flowers are fucceeded by canes, which are often lent over from America; and the trees are frequently raifed with us, from the feeds contained in them. The feeds muff be taken out of the canes in fpring, and fown in pots of light earth, which muft be placed in a back bed, and covered with mats, and frequently refrefhed with a little water. When the young plants appear, they mould be placed, during fummer, in a lhady fituation ; and in winter they fhould be put into a frame, where they may have the benefit of the open air in mild weather, and be fheltered from feverity of frofls. In the fpring following, the plants fhould be tranfplanted into frnall pots, and taken the fame care of for four years, as while they were in the feed-pots ; after this they will be firong enough to tranfplant finally into the places where they are to remain: it fhould be planted on a light loamy foil near other trees, but not over-fhaded by them. Some raife them from layers, but they are two or three years before they take good root, and then never make fuch firait and regular trees. Miller's Gardiner's Di£t.
TULIPIEERA, a name given by Catefby, to the I'modendron. See the article Liriodendron.
TULOS, a word ufed by fome medical wi iters to exprefs a callus.
TUMBABA, a word ufed by chemifts, to exprefs fulphur vivum, or crude fulphur.
TUMBALA, a word ufed by fome authors, to exprefs the fquamma: or fcales of any metal.
TUMBLER, (Cyd.) a name given to a paiticular fpecies of pigeon, called by Moore the columba revolvens. It has its name from its peculiar property of tumbling, when it is in the air, which they are very fond of doing ; and effeif. exactly in the fame manner as our pofture-mafters do it ; by throwing themfelves over backward. It is a very fmall pigeon, and "is always fhort bodied, full breaffed, thin neck'd, narrow beak'd, and has a fmall fhort head ; the iris of the eye in this fpecies, is ufually of a bright pearl-colour. The Englifla Tumbler is ufually of one plain colour; black, blue, or white : the Dutch is much of the fame make, but has different colours, and is feathered on the legs fometimes ; it has alfo a larger head, and thin fkin round the eye. Some of the fineft pigeons of this fort are bred from a mixture of the Dutch and F.nglifh kinds. Thefe pigeons are re- markable for the height they fly to ; they never ramble far from home, but will rife almoft perpendicularly, till they appear no larger than a fparrow, or become quite out of fight; they will often keep at this height five or fix hours, and then come gradually down again; they never tumble when they are at any great height, but only as they afcend or come down again. There arc particular times alfo, at
which thefe birds will take much higher flights than at others \ but they ought to be kept by themfelves, and pra£tifcci to it by the company of one of their own fpccic-s ; for if they mix while young, with other pigeons, they will learn to fly as they do : a flight of .a dozen of thefe birds fen t out toge- ther, will keep fo clufe, as to be all in a compafs .that might be covered with a handerchief; but they fhould never^be turned out in foggy weather, or in high winds; in the firfl cafe, they lofe fight of their home,' and perhaps never find it again ; and in the others, they are blown away j and if they return, it is not till another day ; in the mean time lying out, they are in danger of cats, and other accidents. Laifly, the hen fhould never be turned out with egg, for fhe is then fick, and not fit for flying; and befide often drops her egg, and the breed is loft by it. Afoare's Columba- rium, p. 30.
TUMEX, in the materia medica of the antients, a name given! by authors to a fort of tutty, the fame with the cadmia pla- citis of Diofcortdes and the Greeks. This was a worfe kind than the botrytis. The hoirytis was formed on the roof of the furnace, and hung down thence in form of clufters of grapes ; this was the pureft kind.
The Tumex or cadmia placitis } was a heavier and coarfer fort, which not being volatrle enough to afcend to the top of the furnace, applied itfelf to the fides, and there formed a fort of coat or cruff, which was taken off at times, and refcrveut for the mere common ufes. This fort of Cadmia, being formed by the fucceinve application of new coats of matter, at different times, was found to be of a cruftated texture, 1 when broken tranfverfcly,- and refembled, in fome fort, the onyx, with its different zones or belts. It was therefore cal- led by fome, cadmia onychites^ and by Avifenna mantheca y which fignifies in the Arabian, ztwites, or compofed of plates or zones.
TUMORS of the Breafls^ Mammarum Tumores. Tumors and inflammations of the breafts are a diforder that very fre- quently afflicts child-bearing women,' and almoft conftantly happens, in fome degree, a few days after their delivery. It the milk be impelled into the breafts too plentifully and for- cibly, which frequently happens at that time, and the mother be at the fame time feized with a' violent cold, of indeed be but aftedted by any violent pailions, the vellels become ob- ftrucled, and the breafts tumified, with great heat, rednefs, 1 refiftance, and violent pain. The fame thing happens alfo very frequently to women who give fuck after their lying in, and often to fuch whofe milk is very fmall in quantity. Wo- men at other times are alfo fubjeft to them, and even men have been known to have the fame diforder, from no other caufe than a great fright. One breaft of a man, opened on fuch an occalion, has afforded above two pounds of matter. This fort of ablceis is ufually attended with a fever, thirft, head-ach, and difficult refpiraton, and is often preceded by fhiverings.
Tumors of this kind are generally prevented in thofe who do not intend to fuckle their children, by applying, foon after their delivery, plafters of fperma-ceti warm, ail over the breafts, but perforated with a hole for the nipples. A modei rately tight bandage ferves alfo as a help to keep away milk; and cooling plafters are of fervice to the fame purpoie, applied between the fhoulders. But if the lying-in woman intend to fuckle the child, there is no better way to prevent thefe Tu- mors, than very carefully to avoid colds, and violent pafllons of the mind, and to let the child fuck very frequently, to pre- vent the milk from fhgnating. Plenty of fmall broth,' and thin fluids, muft alfo be taken, which will prevent the milk, for the firft two or three weeks, from being too abundant, or from ftagnating in the breafts. But when the milk has once ftagnated, and a Tumor is begun, all endeavours are to be ufed to difcufs what has ftagnated in the fmall veffels, with all poflible expedition, both by internal and external remedies, in order to prevent the Tumor from running to a fuppuration* or into a fchirrus.
The beft external application, on thefe occAfions, is the fper- ma-ceti plafter, covered with a warm bag, or cataplafm of (alt and bnn, or of chamomile, elder, and melilot flowers. The carminative feeds of fennel, annile, &c. are alfo very good external applications over a plafter, on thefe occafions. A calf's bladder, filled with a warm decoaion of elder and cha- momile flowers in milk, applied to the breaft, and renewed as often as ncccflary, is alfo found of excellent fervice. Thefe not proving fufficient, recourfe muft be had to Venice treacle, rob of elder, litharge vinegar, cummin vinegar, and lime water, which muft be all applied hut to the breafts by means of linnen cloths dipped into them, and put to the breafts, as warm as can be conveniently borne.
If the breafts are very full of milk, part of it muft be dif- charged by fucking, or by a glafs pipe ; and this, with the other means, often repeated, till the pain and Tumor ddap- pear.
If the Tumor, however, proves large, and will not be dif- perfed in four or five days by thefe methods, or when, as it very frequently happens, the furgeon is called in too late t.D put this method in practice, the beft method is to forward its maturation and fuppuradon as quick as pr>flible, leli it turn to
