CALUMNY pupil of Eugene Adan. Medal, 3d class, 1882. Works: The Chase (1879) ; Twilight (1882); The Doves, Portrait (1883); Infancy of Orpheua (1884); Diana (1885). CALUMNY, picture. See Apelles. CALUMNY, Sandro Botticelli, Uffizi, Florence ; wood, figures full length, small. A magisterial person, seated at right, at- tended by Ignorance and Suspicion, stretches out his hand to Calumny, who holds in one hand the torch of discord, and with the other drags Innocence by the hair ; she is preceded by Envy and attended by Intrigue and Treachery ; behind her, Repentance, clothed in black, is covered with confusion at the sight of Truth. Painted about 1485 from Lucian's description of Apelles' picture. Given by Sandro to his friend, Fabio Segni. -Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 324 ; C. & C., Italy, ii. 422 ; Moliui, Gal. de Firenze, i. 159 ; Lasinio, i. PI. 41. By Federigo Zucchern, Hampton Court ; tempera on canvas, H. 4 ft. 8 in. x 7 ft. 8 in. Probably a rendering of Lucian's descrip- tion of the celebrated picture by Apelles. While employed in the Vatican, Zucchero had a difference with the Pope's officers, and in revenge painted this picture, in which he represented those who had offended him decorated with asses' ears. The Pope's dis- pleasure was the cause of Zucchero's de-| parture from Rome. Originally in posses- sion of Duke Orsini di Bracciano ; perhaps found its way to England in Duke of Man- tua's collection, bought by Charles I. in 1G28. Law, Hist. Cat. Hampton Court, 140. CALVAERT (Caluwaert), DENIS, born in Antwerp about 1540, died in Bologna, April 1C, 1G19. Flemish-Bolognese school ; called by the Italians Dionisio Fiammingo (the Fleming). Pupil of Christiaan Queck- bome ; was a good landscape painter when he removed to Bologna, where he studied figure-painting under Prospero Fontaua and Lorenzo Sabbatini. He accompanied the latter to Rome, and aided him in the Vatican. On his return to Bologna he es- tablished a school, and had among his pupils Guido, Domenichino, and Albani. He was a good designer, but mannered in style. His pictures are chiefly in Bologna, in S. M. de' Servi, S. Petronio, S. Gregorio, S. Giacomo Maggiore, and other churches. Works : Assumption, Uffizi, Florence ; Transfiguration, Parma Academy ; Mary Magdalen borne to Heaven by Angels, Turin Gallery ; male portrait, Vienna Mu- seum. Biog. nat. de Belgique, iii. 258 ; Ch. Blanc, Ecole bolonaise ; Fetis, Les Ar- tistes beiges ; 1'etranger, ii. 151 ; Michiels, vi. 3 ; Rooses (Reber), 104. CALVARY. See Christ on Calvary. CALVARY, PROCESSION TO, Pierre Mignard, Louvre ; canvas, H. 5 ft. x 6 ft. 6 in. ; signed, dated 1684. Christ, in centre, has fallen under the weight of the cross, which Simon of Cyrene and others are carrying, preceded and followed by soldiers and rab- ble, up the mountain ; in foreground, left, the Virgin, Magdalen, and St. John ; right, women and children. Painted for M. de Seignelay, and passed to Louis XIV. En- graved by G. Audran ; Landou. Reveil, ix. 629. By Rubens, Brussels Museum ; canvas, H. 15 ft. 8 in. x 11 ft, 3 in. The Saviour, in grey vest and scarlet mantle, in centre, bending under weight of the cross, which a man, assisted by Simon of Cyrene, is remov- ing from his back ; the Magdalen, kneeling, is wiping his brows with a napkin ; behind her, the wife of Cleophas, with two children,
- and the Virgin, supported by St. John ; at
left, another woman with an infant in her arms ; below, the two thieves, with hands bound, guarded by soldiers ; in front, three horsemen and others indicated by spears and banners. One of Rubens's grandest compositions, but now much deteriorated. Painted for the abbey church of Affleghem, for 1,600 florins, the work occupying sixteen days. Engraved by P. Pontius ; Ragot ; and with variations by Monaco. Sketch in Amsterdam Museum. Smith, ii. 56. By Tintoretto, Scuola di S. Rocco, Venice ; canvas. Troops and attendants climbing 383
