CARAUD Neapolitan school ; of good family and edu- cation ; pupil of Francesco Imparato, and later of Caravaggio when that painter was in Naples, about 1606. Roused by the fame of Annibale Carracci, he went to Rome, and by diligent study of his works in the Pa- lazzo Farnese, became a correct designer in that painter's style, still preserving the strong contrasts of light and shade that he had learned from Caravaggio. Some of his pictures are in churches in Naples. He be- longed to the infamous Neapolitan Cabal of which Spaynoletto was the head. Lauzi, ii. 34 ; Ch. Blanc, f'cole napolitaine. CARAUD, JOSEPH, born at Cluny, (Sa6ne-et-Loire), Jan. 5, 1821. Genre paint- er, pupil of Abel do Pujol and Charles Louis Miiller. Some of his pictures have been engraved. Medals : 3d class, 1859 ; 2d class, 18G1 and 1863 ; L. of Honour, 1867. Works: Oracle of the Fields (1847); The Awakening, Dark and Fair (1849); Dancing Lesson, Interrupted Breakfast, A Kitchen ! (1855); Marie Antoinette in the Little Tri- anon, Abbu Pruvost reading Manon Lescaut at an Actress's (1857); Athalie played at Saint-Cyr before Louis XIV., Louis XV. and Mine. Dubarry (1859); Mile, de la Val- liere taking the Veil, The Sedan Chair (1861); The Great Conde's Return after the Battle of Senef, Signing the Contract, The First- Born (1863); Louis XVL making Locks (1865); Blessing the Bread, The Alert (1867); Scenes from Marriage of Figaro (1868); Marie Antoinette and Madame Roy ale at Versailles (1870); Soubrette Walk- ing, Girl holding a Cut (1872) ; Breakfast (1873) ; Parroquet (1874) ; Pointed Finger (1875); Little Farmer (1876); Spring-Time, Pleased Abbe (1877) ; Louis XV. and Mme. Dubarry at the Little Trianon, Coffee Mill (1878) ; Pouting, Flower-Girl (1879) ; Sou- brette Asleep, Two Friends (1880) ; Magpie, Gardener (1882); Parroquet, A Letter (1883); Fisher-maiden (1884) ; Spinner, Petit De- jeuner (1885). CARAVAGGIO, MICHELANGELO DA, born at Caravaggio in 1569, died at Porto Ercole in 1609. Roman school. Real name Michelangelo Ainerighi or Merighi ; son of a mason ; em- ployed in Milan to mix plaster for fresco paint- ers, and learned to paint by watching them. Went to Venice and studied works of Gior- gione; thence to Rome, where he aided Cesare d'Arpino in painting ornamental parts of his pictures. The novelty of his style, an energetic but coarse rendering of nature, without selec- tion and without taste, soon attracted notice, and his works won such public ad- miration that other artists were led to imi- tate his powerful though corrupt manner. After painting many important pictures in Rome, he fled to Naples to escape justice for the homicide of a companion, committed in a moment of anger. After various wander- ings he received the Pope's pardon for this crime, and was on his way from Naples to Rome by sea when he died at Porto Ercole. Among his best works are: Etombment,Vai- ican ; Gamesters, Palazzo Sciarra, Rome ; Ju- dith and Holofernes, Naples Museum ; Chess Players, Venice Academy; Ciq>i<l Asleep, Pa- lazzo Pitti, Florence; Christ among the Doc- tors, Christ and the Tribute Money, Head of Medusa, Uffizi, Florence ; Fortune Teller, Capitol Gallery, Rome ; Lute Player, Liech- tenstein Gallery, Vienna ; Fortune Teller, A Concert, Death of the Virgin, Portrait of Grand Master of Malta, Louvre ; Two Men Drinking, Modena Gallery ; St. Sebastian, Brera, Milan ; St. Matthew and Angel, Ber- lin Museum ; Fortune Teller, Gamesters, Dresden Gallery ; Lute Player, Christ crowned with Thorns, Martyrdom of St. Peter, Martyrdom of Si Sebastian, Hermit- age, St Petersburg ; Supper at Emmaus, National Gallery, London. Ch. Blanc, ficole ombrienne ; Seguier, 3 ; Wornum,
