CLEAXTIIES on the Scheldt (1874); Thames near London, View on the Scheldt (1875) ; Bruges, North Sea (1876); Zuyder-Zee near Texel, Canal in Zelande (1877) ; Canal in the Nieuwe- Maas, Saardam (1878); Dutch Vessels in a Calm (1863), Dutch Boats in Eoads of Flush- ing (1870), National Gallery, London ; Be- calmed near Amsterdam, Rough Sea on Coast of Flanders (1884); In Eoadstead of Dun- kirk, Fog at Dawn (1885). Gaz. des B. Arts (1867), xxiii. 16 ; L'Art, 1876. CLEANTHES, Greek painter, of Corinth, early period. According to Pliny (xxxv. 5 [15]) the invention of line-drawing was as- signed both to him and to Philodes the Egyptian. The Temple of Artemis Alphas- onia, near Olympia, contained his paintings of the Hiupersis (taking of Troy) and the birth of Athena. Strabo, viii. 3, 12. Athen- agoras Leg. pro Christ., 14 (p. 59, ed. De- chair). CLEEF, JAN VAN, bom at Venloo, Guel- derland, in 1646, died in Ghent in 1716. Flemish school ; history painter, pupil of Luigi Primo (Gentile), then in Brussels of Gaspard de Craeyer, whom he assisted with his numerous works for churches in the Low Countries, and on the death of his master completed those left unfinished. One of the ablest artists of his country. His most esteemed works are in the churches and in the Museum of Ghent, whither he removed iu 1681. Works : Assumption, St. James's ; Immaculate Conception, St. Mi- chael's ; Magdalen at Feet of Christ, St. Nicholas ; Sisters of Charity during the Plague, Convent of the Black Nuns, all in Ghent. Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. 141; Mi- chiels, ix. 91. CLEEF (Cleve), JOOST VAN, caUed de Zotte (crazy) Cleef, born in Antwerp ; flour- ished 1530-1550. Flemish school. Painted in France and England. One of the best portrait painters of 16th century, approach- ing style of Hans Holbein, and foreshadow- ing Antonio Moro ; great colourist. The preference which Henry Vll[. gave to Ti- tian's paintings destroyed Van Cleefs rea- son ; he died insane. Some of his best pictures are : Portraits of himself and wife, Windsor Castle ; portrait of himself, Earl Spencer, Althorp ; two male portraits, Ox- ford ; SS. Cosmo and Damian, Antwerp Cathedral ; Last Judgment, Ghent Cathe- dral.- Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. 135 ; Ch. Blanc, ficole flamande ; Kooses (Eeber), 70. CLEEF, MAETEN VAN, born in Ant- werp, died there about 1570. Flemish school ; history painter, pupil of Frans Flo- ris ; entered Antwerp guild in 1551; is called the Master of the Ape, because he some- times introduced that animal as his mark. His brother Hendrik (died in Antwerp,1589) supplied the landscapes and backgrounds in his and in Frans Floris's pictures, while he often painted the figures in the landscapes of his brother, of Gilles van Conincxloo, and others. His four sons, Gilles, Marten, Georges, and Nicholas, were also painters. Works : Eoom in Peasant's Cottage with Company at Table, Vienna Museum. Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. 139. CLEISTHENES, scene painter and archi- tect, of Eretria, about 384 B.C. He was the father of Menedemus, the pupil of Plato. Diog. Laer., ii. 125. CLEMENT, FELIX AUGUSTE, born at Donzere (Drome), May 20, 1826. Genre painter ; pupil of Drolling and Picot. Won the grand prix de Eonie, 1856. Paints chiefly Oriental scenes. Medals : 3d class, 1861 ; medal, 1867. Works : Feast of Bai- ram in Cairo, Death of Ceesar, Destruction of Babylon, March of Eecruits, Arab Wo- man weeping over her Husband's Tomb (1868); Before the Bath (1874); Sick Child (1879) ; Circassian Woman in the Harem (1880); Morning (1881); Nymphs Surprised, Behold the Great Turk (1883). CLEOBIS AND BITON, Antoine Fran- 9018 Collet, ficole des Beaux Arts, Paris. Sons of Cydippe, priestess of Hera at Argos. Once, during the festival of Hera, when the oxen which were to draw the chariot of the priestess did not arrive in time, Cleobis and Bitou dragged it with their mother 304
