The sight of a baby often calls out the question: "What do you suppose he is thinking about?" By the nature of the case, the question is unanswerable in detail; but, also by the nature of the case, we may be sure about a baby's chief interest. His primary problem is mastery of his body as a tool of securing comfortable and effective adjustments to his surroundings, physical and social. The child has to learn to do almost everything: to see, to hear, to reach, to handle, to balance the body, to creep, to walk and so on. Even if it be true that human beings have even more instinctive reactions than lower animals, it is also true that instinctive tendencies are much less perfect in men, and that most of them are of little use till they are intelligently combined and directed. A little chick just out of the shell will after a few trials peck and grasp grains of food with its beak as well as at any later time. This involves a complicated coordination of the eye and the head. An infant does not even begin to reach definitely for things that the eye sees till he is several months old, and even then several weeks' practise is required before he learns the adjustment so as neither to overreach nor to underreach.
It may not be literally true that the child will grasp for the moon, but it is true that he needs much practise before he can tell whether an object is within reach or not. The arm is thrust out instinctively in response to a stimulus from the eye and this tendency is the origin of the ability to reach and grasp exactly and quickly; but nevertheless final mastery requires observing and selecting the successful movements and arranging them in view of an end. These operations of conscious selection and arrangement constitute thinking, tho of a rudimentary type.—John Dewey, "How to Think."
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THIRTEEN SUPERSTITION, THE
"Have a thirteenth floor in this building?"
queries a part owner of one of the famous
office buildings in New York. "Never! The
thirteenth floor is sometimes difficult to rent;
tenants would prefer to go higher or lower.
"The thirteen hoodoo affects more otherwise sane men than is acknowledged. Many of the most famous business buildings in the country have no thirteenth floor—the fourteenth story follows the twelfth. By following this plan, we take the least risk. As the names of tenants are arranged alphabetically on the directory, the omission is seldom noticed."—System.
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Thorn, Value of the—See Cross, Glorious.
THOROUGHNESS
A prosperous Brooklyn manufacturer tells
how a single watchword made him wealthy,
besides helping him in his character. When
a young man he started for Australia in a
sailing vessel, intending to go into business
there; but he became very weary of the
slow and stormy voyage and half determined
to leave the ship at a South American
port and return home. He asked advice
from an old man, who was one of his fellow
passengers. The counsel he got was, "If you
undertake to do a thing, do it." He took the
advice, and the motto also. In Australia he
soon acquired twenty-five thousand dollars,
which he brought back to this country and
greatly increased by fidelity to the same ever-*present
watchword.
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If ever a literary success was earned by hard work, General Wallace earned it with "Ben Hur." He first started the book as a novelette, which he intended to offer to Harper's Magazine; but the story expanded until it far outgrew the original design, and occupied its author for seven years. Full as it is with the most graphic pictures of Palestine, it is difficult to realize that General Wallace had never been in that country when he wrote the novel. The general was recently asked how he accomplished such wonderful results, and replied as follows:
"I doubt if any novel has ever had more careful studies for its background and life than those made for 'Ben Hur.' I knew that the novel would be criticized by men who had devoted their lives to Biblical lore, and I studied Palestine through maps and books. I read everything in the way of travel, scientific investigation, and geography. I had scores of maps and worked with them about me. My best guide was a relief map of Palestine made in Germany. This was hung on my wall, and by means of it I took my characters through the passes of the mountains and up and down the hills, measuring their daily travel by the scale of miles. I also made studies of the bird and animal life of the time and place." (Text.)
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