that he soon became a member of the R. S. A. Removed in 1863 to London, where he has since resided. Elected an A. R. A. in 1866. Many of his works are well known through engravings. Medal, 2d class, Paris, 1867. Works: Toothache (1861); Notice to Quit (1862); Among the Old Masters (1864); Deputation, Collecting his Thoughts, Yours to Command (1865); Both Puzzled (1866); Kiss an' Make it up (1867); China Merchant (1868); Disputed Boundary (1869), Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New York; Fishers' Knot (1871); Pro Bono Publico, Past Work, Steady, Johnny, Steady (1873); New Vintage (1875); Storm at Sea (1876); His Legal Adviser, Unwillingly to School (1877); Under a Cloud, Missing Boat, Lonely Tenant of the Glen (1878); Interviewing the Member (1879); Paying the Rent, W. H. Vanderbilt, New York; Temptation, H. V. Newcomb, ib.; Beggar my Neighbor, Irish Pattern, Duet, J. W. Bates, Philadelphia; Paddy's Mark, Corcoran Gallery, Washington; Bother the Change!, A. Adams, Watertown, Mass.—Meynell, 148; Portfolio (1879), 61; Art Journal, 1865; (1884), 348; Athenæum (1871), 75.
NICOLL, J. C., born in New York in
1845. Marine painter, pupil of M. F. H.
de Haas and Kruseman van Elten; has
sketched along the Atlantic coast from the
Gulf of St. Lawrence to Florida. Best
known by his water-colours. Elected an
A. N. A. in 1881; N. A. in 1885. Studio in
New York. Works in oil: Foggy Morning—Grand
Menan, Gulf of St. Lawrence (1876);
Bass Rocks near Gloucester—Mass. (1879);
On Marblehead Neck (1880); Shower at
Block Island (1881); On the Rocks near
Portland (1882); Harbour View (1883);
Hudson River Elevator, Twilight, T. B.
Clarke, New York; Warm Morning, Sun-*light
on the Sea (1884). Water-colours:
Moonlight—Cape Anne; Off Portland Harbour;
Coast View in Spring; Schroon Lake;
Shower on the Coast, On the Gulf of St.
Lawrence (1878); A Creek (1884); Summer
Morning (1885); Fog and Sunshine, on
Campobello Islands (1886).
NICOMACHUS, painter, of Thebes (?),
son and pupil of Aristiæus, about 350 B. C.
Cicero speaks of him (Brut., 18-70) with
high praise; Pliny says that he worked with
great rapidity; Plutarch (Timol., 36) compares
his pictures with the verses of Homer,
as having, besides strength and beauty, the
charm of seeming to have been executed
with little effort; and Vitruvius (iii. Proœm.
2) mentions him among those artists who
were prevented by adverse circumstances
only from attaining the highest rank. Among
his works were Rape of Proserpine, Victory
soaring on High in a Chariot, Cybele on a
Lion, Ulysses wearing the Pileus, Bacchantes
surprised by Satyrs, and Scylla, the last of
which was probably burned in the Temple
of Peace, Rome, A. D. 191.—Pliny, xxxv. 21,
32, 36 [108, 109]; Brunn, ii. 168.
NICOPHANES, Greek painter, probably of 4th century B. C. Sicyonic school. Pliny (xxxv. 36 [111]) calls him an elegant and finished painter, with whom few could compare for gracefulness, but inferior to Zeuxis or Apelles in the severe and tragic style; but Polemon (Athen., xiii. p. 567) gives a much lower opinion of him. He may have been identical with Chærephanes, an artist mentioned by Plutarch (De Aud. Poet., 18) in even more severe terms. Pliny mentions (xxxv. 40) among the works of Nicophanes, Æsculapius with his Daughters, Hygiea, Ægle, Panacea, Jason, and the Ocnos (sluggard), representing a man twisting a rope at one end while an ass gnaws it at the other.—Brunn, ii. 154.
NICOSTHENES, painter, probably of 4th
century B. C., master of Theodorus of Samos
and of Stadiæus. Pliny, xxxv. 40 [146].
There was also a pottery painter called
Nicosthenes, whose name appears on several
vases found at Agrigentum.—Brunn,
ii. 646.
NIEDMANN, AUGUST (HEINRICH),
born in Brunswick, May 3, 1826. History
painter, pupil in Brunswick of Brandes;
settled in 1850 in Munich, where he studied
a short time at the Academy under Kaul-
