Suitors, in the portico of the Temple of Athena Areia at Platæa, and adorned the Lesche of the Cnidians at Delphi with a series of pictures representing the Trojan War and the adventures of Ulysses (Paus., x. 25-31). Polygnotus made so great an advance over the artists who had preceded him that Theophrastus ascribed to him the invention of painting (Pliny, vii. 57). Pliny says (xxxv. 35) that he gave expression to both faces and figures, and elegance and variety to draperies, his work being in strong contrast to the stiff attitudes and rigid draperies of the earlier painters. Lucian (De Imag., 7) gives him similar praise, and Aristotle says (Poet., 2) that Polygnotus represented men better than they are, meaning that he idealized his characters. Cicero records (Brut., 18) that he was one of those who painted with four colours only, but according to Pliny (xxxiii. 56, xxxv. 25) he and Micon introduced new pigments. We learn from the latter also (xxxv. 39, 40) that he worked both with the cestrum and with the hair pencil.—Paus., x. 25-31; Bött., 274-291; Hermann, Epikritische Betrachtungen über die Polygnotischen Gemälde (Göttingen, 1849); Lenormant, Mémoire sur les peintures que Polygnote avait exécutée dans la Lesché de Delphes, Mémoire de l'Acad. royale de Belgique (Brussels, 1864), xxxiv., and works there cited; Sillig, 361.
POLYIDUS, painter, musician, and poet,
about 396 B.C.—Diod. Sic., xiv. 46.
POMERANCE or POMERANCIO. See
Roncalli, Cristoforo.
POMPEIAN DANCE, Joseph Coomans,
George Hoadley, Cincinnati; canvas. A
Pompeian girl dancing to the music of pipes
played by a youth reclining upon a sculptured
marble slab, at the base of which sits
another girl with a tambourine, holding in
her lap the head of a rose-crowned boy,
who, stretched on a leopard's skin, plays the
cymbals; at right, an open court, with fountain
and ladies sitting. Painted in 1878.
Photogravure in Art Treasures of America.
By Joseph Coomans, John Hoey, New York. A Pompeian girl of twelve dancing, with her tambourine above her head, surrounded by a ring of romping boys, crowned with ivy or wreathed with garlands, one of whom has tumbled over upon his back; at right, the mother reclining, a harp-girl sitting, and another maiden standing. Photogravure in Art Treasures of America, ii. 81.
PONCET, JEAN BAPTISTE, born at
Saint-Laurent de Mures (Isère); contemporary.
History and portrait painter, pupil
of Hippolyte Flandrin, whom he assisted
for nine years in his works in the Church
d'Ainay at Lyons, and in Saint-Germain-des-Près
at Paris, the latter of which he
was commissioned to engrave after Flandrin's
death. Medal, 3d class, 1861; medal,
1865. Works: Toilet of Phryne, Young
Flute-Player by the Sea (1861); Portrait of
Flandrin (1863), Lyons Museum; Orpheus
on Mount Rhodope (1864), Villefranche Museum;
Christ appearing to Magdalen (1866),
Noyon Cathedral; Ariadne crowned by Bacchus,
Noli me tangere (1870); Night (1884).—Bellier,
ii. 295.
PONCHINO. See Bazacco.
PONTE, DA. See Bassano.
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PONTORMO, JACOPO DA, born at Pontormo,
May
25 or 26, 1494,
died in Florence,
buried
Jan. 2, 1557.
Florentine
school; real
name Jacopo
Carucci, son
of Bartolommeo
Carucci,
a mediocre painter. Studied under Leonardo
da Vinci, Albertinelli, Pier di Cosimo,
and Andrea del Sarto. His early efforts are
said to have been praised by Michelangelo,
who prophesied that if Pontormo continued
as he had begun he would carry painting to
its highest perfection. But Pontormo did
not realize his hopes. Though he worked
sometimes, like Sebastian del Piombo, from