doors to pastel-painting in 1749. Member of the Academy, 1746; court-painter, 1750. Works: Jean Restout (1738), Dumont le Romain (1742), Louis de France, son of Louis XV. (2, 1745, 1748), Louis XV., Marie Leczinska, Marshal de Saxe (1748), Marquise de Pompadour (1755), Dauphine Marie de Saxe (1763), Siméon Chardin, Sculptor René Firmin, Marquis d'Argenson (?), and himself, Louvre, Paris; Portrait of himself, Aix Museum; do., and a Canon of Rheims Cathedral, Marshal de Saxe, Male Head with Night-cap, Dijon Museum; The Poet Crébillon, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Marie Leczinska, Marshal de Saxe, and thirty-six others, Saint-Quentin Museum; Male and Female Portrait, Valenciennes Museum.—Bellier, i. 918; Desmaze, M. Q. de La Tour (Paris, 1854); Goncourt, L'art du xviii. siècle (1880), i. 219; Houssaye, Gal. du xviii. siècle, iii. 160; Jal, 745.
LAUDER, ROBERT SCOTT, born at
Silver Mills, near Edinburgh, in 1803, died
in Edinburgh, April 21, 1869. History
painter, pupil of Trustees' Academy, Edinburgh,
whither he returned in 1820 after
three years in London, where he drew at
the British Museum and in a private life
academy. On the erection of the Scottish
Academy, in 1830, he became one of its first
members; visited the Continent in 1833,
and studied for five years, chiefly at Rome,
Bologna, Florence, and Venice; after his
return, in 1838, lived mostly in London;
afterwards returned to Edinburgh, where
he was struck by paralysis in 1861. Works:
Bride of Lammermuir, Rose Bradwardine
(1839); Trial of Effie Deans (1840); Ruth,
Meg Merrilies and the Dying Smuggler
(1842); Hannah presenting Samuel to Eli
(1845); Christ walking on the Sea (1847);
Mother and Child (1848); Christ teaching
Humility.—Redgrave, 262.
LAUENSTEIN, HEINRICH, born at Hiddensen,
Hanover, in 1836. History painter,
pupil of Düsseldorf Academy under Bendemann
and Deger. Works: St. Vincent de
Paul (1865); Christ Crucified (1868); do.
(1870); St. Elizabeth commending Orphans
to Divine Protection (1874); Portraits of
Artists, Kunsthalle, Sigmaringen.—Müller,
321.
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LAUFBERGER, FERDINAND, born at
Mariaschein, Bohemia,
Feb. 16, 1829, died July
16, 1881. Genre and
history painter, pupil of
Prague and Vienna Academies,
at the latter under
Ruben; visited the
Danubian principalities
and Constantinople in
1855, Germany, Belgium,
England, and France in
1862, and Italy in 1863, where he studied
especially the art of the Renaissance.
Counsellor of Vienna Academy in 1866,
professor at the Industrial Art School in
1868. Works: Architecture (1849); Tower-Watch
(1850); Woodland Scene (1851);
Scholar observing Solar Eclipse; Market
in Upper Hungary; Travellers resting before
Peasant's House; Old Bachelor; Cozy
Place; Geneviève in the Woods; Visit
to the Louvre (1862); Curtain for Ballet
and Comic Opera (1867), Opera House, Vienna;
Sgraffito-Frieze, Museum, ib.; Eight
Angels and Four Evangelists, The Four Cardinal
Virtues, Votivkirche, ib.; Scene in
the Prater (1881).—Allgem. d. Biogr., xviii.
40; Graph. K., iv. 53; Kunst-Chronik, xvi.
757; xvii. 290; Mittheilungen d. österr.
Mus., xvi. 402; xvii. 19; N. Illustr. Zeitg.
(1881), ii. 718; Zeitschr. f. b. K., vi. 9; viii.
(Mittheilungen, i. 25); xvii. 261.
LAUGÉE, DÉSIRÉ FRANÇOIS, born at
Maromme (Seine-Inférieure), Jan. 25, 1823.
Genre painter, pupil of Picot. He first exhibited
portraits of good quality in the Salon
of 1845, and then turned to genre and history,
sacred and profane. Medals: 3d class,
1851; 2d class, 1855, 1859; 1st class, 1861,
1863; L. of Honour, 1865. Works: Van
Dyck at Saventhem (1847); Death of Zurbaran
(1850); Murder of Rizzio (1850);
Siege of St. Quentin (1851); Death of Will-
