BAUR, NICOLAAS, born at Harlingen, Sept. 23, 1767, died there, March 28, 1820. Dutch school; marine painter, son and pupil of J. A. Baur, a portrait painter; at first painted landscapes and city views.—Meyer, Künst. Lex., iii. 156.
BAVON, ST., CONVERSION OF, Rubens,
National Gallery, London; wood, H. 3 ft. 5
in. × 5 ft. 5 in. The Saint, about to enter
the monastic life, is met on the steps of the
church of his convent by St. Arnaud, Bishop
of Maestricht. Formerly in Palazzo Carezza,
Genoa; bequeathed in 1831 to National
Gallery by Rev. W. H. Carr.—Cat. Nat. Gal.;
Smith, ii. 256.
BAVON, ST., DISTRIBUTING ALMS,
Rubens, Ghent Cathedral; canvas, H. 16 ft.
× 9 ft. The Saint, standing beside a flight
of steps, is attended by two servants with
bowls of money; before him are two women,
one with two infants, kneeling, and behind
them a mendicant; on opposite side, three
ladies looking on; in second distance, the
Saint, followed by a page and another person,
is ascending a flight of steps to a
church, at the door of which two bishops
and several monks await his arrival. One
of Rubens's best works, but greatly injured
by restoration. Engraved by F. Pilsen.—Smith,
ii. 36; Beechey, Reynolds's Works,
ii. 142.
BAXTER, CHARLES, born in London,
March, 1809. Genre and portrait painter,
pupil of G. Clint in painting portraits and
miniatures, in which he was quite successful;
later, devoted himself to rustic and
ideal subjects; first exhibited at Royal Academy
in 1834. Elected in 1842 member of
Society of British Artists. Works: Olivia
and Sophia (1852); Lucy Locket, Bacchante
(1853); La Pensèe (1854); The Lily (1856);
Heartsease, Dream of Love (1857); Little
Red Riding Hood (1859); Little Galway
Girl (1861); Colleen Bawn, Olivia (1862);
The Ballad (1863); Love me, Love my
Dog; Peasants at Chioggia (1869).—Art
Journal (1864), 145; Meyer, Künst. Lex.,
iii. 168.
BAYARD, ÉMILE ANTOINE, born at
La Ferté-sous-Jouarre (Seine-et-Marne,)
Nov. 2, 1837. Genre painter, pupil of L.
Cogniet. At first exhibited only charcoal
drawings, for which he is distinguished, but
since 1870 has painted some very characteristic
military scenes. L. of Honour, 1870.
Works: Narrow Pass, During the Siege
(1874); Day after Waterloo (1875); Country
Concert-House, Market in the 18th Century,
Women Bathing, Skating (1877);
Morning of a Début (1879); two decorative
panels (1882); Affair of Honour, Qui trop
embrasse (1884); Bande joyeuse (1885).—Gaz.
des B. Arts (1872), i. 328; Meyer,
Künst. Lex., iii. 168.
BAYER, AUGUST VON, born at Rorschach,
on Lake Constance, May 3, 1803,
died in Carlsruhe, Feb. 2, 1875. Architecture
painter; studied architecture in Carlsruhe
under Weinbrenner, and in Paris before
1828, when he took up painting, first
in Munich, then in Carlsruhe. His subjects
were the great monumental buildings of
the Middle Ages, interiors of churches,
halls, etc. Baden court painter. Works:
Interior of Franciscan Church at Salzburg,
Cloister of Stiftskirche at Berchtesgaden,
Convent-hall with Monk, New Pinakothek,
Munich; Interior of Church of our Lady in
Munich, Cathedral in Chur, Maulbronn
Monastery, Death of St. Bruno, Organ Player,
Strasburg Cathedral.—Allgem. d. Biogr.,
ii. 186; Meyer, Künst. Lex., iii. 169; Brockhaus,
ii. 616.
BAYEU Y SUBIAS, Don FRANCISCO,
born at Saragossa, March 9, 1734, died in
Madrid, Aug. 4, 1795. History painter,
pupil at Saragossa of José Luzan Martinez,
then in Madrid of S. Fernando Academy
under Antonio Gonzalez Velasquez; returned
to Saragossa, but on the suggestion of
Mengs, court painter to Charles III., was
called to Madrid to assist in the decoration
of the new Palacio Real, and so decidedly
adhered to the style of Mengs that he may
be reckoned as of his school. By contemporaries
considered the foremost Spanish paint-
