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born in London, the son of a clergyman, and was apprenticed to a calico-printer. Having some talent for drawing, he tried engraving, and soon produced some excel- lent portraits. He received some instruction from Blake, who was his fellow-engraver, and finished a plate or two after Stothard, R. A. In 1785 he exhibited a chalk drawing of Dr. Johnson from the life. Being un- able to work as an engraver by an acci- dental injury to his sight, he found employ- ment as a draftsman, making drawings of churches and monuments for antiquarian publications. He died February 14, 1803, and was buried in the graveyard of the new chapel, Broadway, Westminster.
TROUGHTON, Thomas, draftsman and painter. He undertook a voyage to Africa, and was shipwrecked on the coast of Morocco, where from 1747 to 1780 he was detained in slavery, and suffered great hardships. He published some account of his sufferings. Died 1797.
TRUCH Y, L., engraver. Was born in Paris, 1731. Practised his art in London. He worked for Alderman Boydell. En- graved a village dance after Teniers, and 12 plates after Highmore, in illustration of 'Pamela/ He died in London, 1764.
TUCKER, Nathaniel, portrait paint- er. Practised in London about 1740-60. His works are engraved by J. Faber and some others.
TUER, Herbert, portrait painter. His father and grandfather were in the Church. His mother was niece to George Herbert, the poet. He withdrew to Hol- land after the execution of Charles I., and applying himself to art, made good progress in portrait painting: but his works are almost unknown in England. One or two of his portraits are engraved. He is believed to have died at Utrecht some time before 1680.
TULL, N., landscape painter. Was the schoolmaster at Queen Elizabeth's school in Tooley Street, Borough. Painted for his amusement close rural scenes, lanes, and cottages ; drew in black and white chalk, on coloured paper. There are also some
E)rtraits attributed to him. He exhibited ndscapes with the Society of Artists in 1761. Vivares and Elliot engraved after him a set of six plates. He died in 1762. TURNER, Charles A. E., engraver. Was born at Woodstock in 1773, and entered the schools of the Royal Academy in 1795. On commencing his art, he was influenced by the manner of Bartolozzi, and was employed by Alderman Bovdell. He produced some dot engravings of very high merit, and then used the needle and aqua-tint with great success. In this manner he engraved the early numbers of Turner, R.A.'s ' Liber Studiorum ? ' and his fine painting of 'The Wreck,' imitating 436
with much truth this great master's bril- liant lights and reflections, and the depth and clearness of his shadows. In 1828 he was elected an associate engraver of the Royal Academy. He engraved some fine portraits after Lawrence, P.R. A., Jackson, Shee; 'The Beggars/ after Owen; Rey- nolds's lar^e group of 'The Marlborough Family/ with many other important works. His latest and best works are in mezzo- tint, with the needle partially employed. He was a great artist, admirably trans- lating his original picture, and excelling in every style he used. He died in Warren Street, Fitzroy Square, August 1 ; 1857, aged 83, and was buried in the Highgate Cemetery.
TURNER, Da vii), draftsman and en- graver. Was, in 1790, the pupil of John Jones, engraver in London. He devoted himself to painting landscape and architec- tural views. He exhibited, about the end of the 18th century, views on the Thames — Lambeth from Millbank, Somerset House, Temple Gardens, St. Paul's from West- minster Bridge', contributing for the last time in 1801. These worlcs were small, carefully finished, usually in oil, but weak, showing little art power. He was also an etcher, and there are some etchings by him of the castles, monuments, and abbeys in Scotland, a view of Peterborough Cathe- dral, and of St. Ouen at Rouen.
TURNER, James, portrait painter. Practised 1745-90. Exhibited miniatures with the Society of Artists in 1761. Some of his portraits are engraved. • T U RNE R, Joseph M allord Willia,m. R.A., landscape painter . Was born April 23, 1775, the son of a hairdresser of small means in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden. Had the rudiments of an ordinary educa- tion. His love of art was developed early, since he was admitted to the schools of the Royal Academy in 1789. He had pre- viously contributed to the exhibition, and the following year sent a ' View of Lambeth Palace.' He was well grounded in per- spective under Thomas Malton. and was for a short time in the office of Mr. Hard- wick, the architect of the St. Catherine's Docks. He studied, with Girtin and others, in the friendly house of Dr. Monro, coloured prints, put in architects' backgrounds, gave some lessons, and by these means, and the sale of his sketches, managed to support himself. Then gaining some notice, and continuing to improve m his art, he made excursions in to the Midland coimties, Wales, and the South Coast, Yorkshire, and the lakes, and sketching views for the topogra-
Ehical publications at that time in vogue, ut continued to foster that love of rivers and river scenery which first attracted him on the picturesque Thames. His art was founded on a diligent study of
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