and consequently about eighteen at the time of his death : the statement of Justin that he was only fourteen is certainly erroneous. (See Droysen, Hellenism, vol. i. p. 22.) [E. H. B.]
HERACLIA′NUS ((
Greek characters)), one of the
officers of Honorius. He is first noticed (a. d. 408)
as the person who with his own hand put Stilicho
to death, and received, as the reward of that ser-
vice, the office of Comes Africae, Zosimus says
that he succeeded Bathanarius, who had married
the sister of Stilicho, and whom Honorius put to
death ; but Tillemont has noticed that, according to
the Chronicon of Prosper Tiro, Joannes or John
was Comes Africae A. d. 408, and was killed by
the people. If this notice is correct, Heraclian was
the successor, not of Bathanarius, but of Joannes.
Orosius, indeed, states that Heraclian was not sent
to Africa till A. D. 409, after Attains had assumed
the purple. Heraclian rendered good service to
Honorius during the invasion of Italy by Alaric,
and the usurpation of Attains. [Alaricus ; At-
TALUS.] He secured the most important posts on
the African coast by suitable guards, and laid an
embargo on the ships which carried com from his pro-
vince to Rome, thereby producing a famine in that
city. Attalus, misled by prophecies or jealous of the
Visigothic soldiers, who were his chief military sup-
port, sent Constans, without any troops, to supersede
Heraclian, counting apparently either on the sub-
mission of the latter or the revolt of the provincials.
He was disappointed: Constans was killed ; and
those whom Attalus sent with a sum of money to
support him appear to have fallen into the hands of
Heraclian, who sent to Honorius at Ravenna a sea-
sonable pecuniary supply, derived probably from
the captured treasure. Alaric, who saw the im-
portance of obtaining Africa, proposed to send
Drumas or Druma with the Visigoths, whom he
commanded, to attack Heraclian, but Attalus would
not consent, and Alaric, dissatisfied with Attalus,
compelled him to resign the purple (a.d. 410). The
military force of Heraclian appears to have been
trifling, if we may judge from the force which
Alaric would have sent against him, and which
consisted of only about 500 men. But he had
probably secured the fidelity of the provincials, by
the wise measure of toleration to the Donatists,
which Honorius (at the suggestion, as Baronius
thinks, of Heraclian) granted about this time, a. n.
410. When the danger was over, the persecuting
spirit revived, and a later edict of the same year,
addressed to Heraclian, recalled the liberty which
had been granted.
The important services of Heraclian secured for him the honour of the consulship. It is probable that he was only consul designatus for the year 413, and that he never exercised the functions of the office. He appears to have received the notice of his appointment in the earlier part of 412 ; and the same year, elated with pride, and instigated, as we gather from Orosius, by Sabinus, an intriguing and unquiet man, whom he had raised from some post in his household to be his son-in-law, he re- volted against Honorius, and assumed the purple. His first step was to stop the corn ships, as in the revolt of Attalus ; his second, to collect ships and troops for the invasion of Italy. An edict of Ho- norius, dated from Ravenna, Non. Jul., a.d. 412, denounces sentence of death against him and his fol- lowers, as public enemies, and enables us to fix the (date of his rerolt. Gothofredus would, indeed, cor- rect the date of this edict to the next year, but we think without reason. The threatened invasion of Italy did not take place till the next year (a.d. 413). Heraclian had a great force with him, though the numbers are differently stated. The enterprise failed; but the particulars of the failure are variously stated. According to Orosius and Marcellinus, he landed in Italy, and was marching toward Rome, when, alarmed by the approach of Count Marinus, who was sent against him, he forsook his army, and fled to Carthage, where he was immediately put to death. According to Idatius, he was de- feated at Utriculum (Ocriculum, in Umbria, be- tween Rome and Ravenna?), in a battle in which 50,000 men fell ; and, fleeing into Africa, was put to death in the temple of Memoria, at Carthage, by executioners sent by Honorius. Possibly the battle was fought by his army when deserted by their leader. Sabinus, son-in-law of Heraclian, fled to Constantinople ; but, being sent back after a time, was condemned to banishment.
The name of Heraclian does not appear in the Fasti Consulares, an edict of Honorius having de- clared the consulship defiled by him, and abolished his name and memory ; but it is probable that Prosper Tiro is correct in making him colleague (or intended colleague) of Lucianus or Lucius, who appears in the Fasti as sole consul for A. D. 413. (Zosim. V. 37, vi. 7—11 ; Sozomen, H. E. ix. 8 ; Philostorg. H.E. xii. 6; Oros. vii. 29, 42; Idatius, Chron. and Fasti ; Marcellin. Chron. ; Prosper Aquit. Chron. ; Prosper Tiro, Chron. ; Olympiod. apud Phot. Bibl. Cod. 80 ; Cod. Theod. 9. tit. 40. § 21 ; 15. tit. 14. § 13; 16. tit. 5. $ 51 ; Gothofred. Frosop. Cod. Theodos. ; Tillemont, Hist, des Ewp. vol. V. ; Gibbon, c. 30, 31.) [J.C. M.]
HERACLIA′NUS ((Greek characters)), bishop of
Chalcedon, an ecclesiastical writer of uncertain
date. He wrote a work against the Manichaeans,
in twenty books, (Greek characters).
Photius, from whom alone we learn any thing of
the work and its author, describes it as written in
a concise and elevated, yet perspicuous, style. It
was addressed to one Achillius ((Greek characters)), at
whose request it was written ; and was designed
to refute the so-called Gospel ((Greek characters)) of the
Manichaeans, and the (Greek characters), and the
(Greek characters), works of note among the members of
that sect. (Phot. Bibl. Codd. 85, 231 ; Cave, Hist.
Litt. vol. i. p. 551, ed. Oxon. 1740-43; Fabric.
Bibl. Gr. vol. X. p. 705.) [J.C. M.]
HERACLIA′NUS ((Greek characters)), a physician
of Alexandria, under whom Galen studied anatomy,
about A. D. 156. (Galen, Comment, in Hippocr.
"DeNat. Hom." ii. 6, vol. xv. p. 136.) [W. A. G.]
HERA′CLIUS, the son of Hiero, was a noble
and opulent citizen of Syracuse. Heraclius, before
the praetorship of C. Verres, in B. c. 73 — 71, one
of the wealthiest, became, through his exactions
and oppression, one of the poorest men in Sicily.
(Cic. in Verr. ii. 14.) The family, at least the
namesakes of Heraclius, suffered equally from
Verres. Another Heraclius of Syracuse he stripped
of his property (iv. 61). Heraclius of Segesta he
put to death (v. 43) ; and Heraclius of Amestratiis
(iii. 39), 4ind another of Centuripini, appeared in
evidence against him in B.c. 70 (ii. 27). [W. B. D.]
HERA′CLIUS (greek missing}}), a cynic philosopher, against whom the emperor Julian composed
an harangue. Suidas calls him Heracleitus ((Greek characters)). (Julian, Orai. vii.; Suidas, a. v. (Greek characters)
