IODAMEIA ('loSo/ueia), a priestess of Athena Itonia, who once, as she entered the sanctuary of the goddess by night, was changed into a block of stone on seeing the head of Medusa, which was worked in the garment of Athena. In commemo- ration of this event, a fire was every day kindled on the altar of lodameia by a woman amid the exclamation, " lodameia lives and demands fire ! " (Paus. ix. 34. § 1.) [L. S.]
JOEL ('IwTjAos), a Byzantine historian, lived
at the end of the 12th, and in the beginning of the
1 3th century, and wrote Xpovu'Ypd<pia Iv avi/oipei,
being a short narrative of the most memorable
events of history, especially Byzantine. The work
begins with Adam, and finishes with the death of
the emperor Alexis Ducas Murzuphlus, and the
conquest of Constantinople by the Latins, in 1204.
From the lamentations with which he ends his
history, one might conclude that he witnessed the
capture of the Greek capital. The whole work is
of little importance, though the latter part of it
is of some value for Byzantine history. The
first edition was published by Leo Allatius, with
notes and a Latin translation, Paris, 1651, fol.,
together with Georgius Acropolita, The second
edition, in the Venice collection of the Byzantines,
and the third by Inunanuel Bekker, together with
Acropolita and Constantine Manasses, Bonn, 1837,
8vo., are reprints of the Paris edition. (Fabric.
B'bl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 773; Caye, Hist. Lit. vol.
ii. p.281.) [W. P.]
IOLA'US ('loAoos), a son of Iphides and Au-
tomedusa, and consequently a relation of Heracles,
whose faithful charioteer and companion he was.
[Heracles.] He is especially celebrated for his
attachment to the descendants of the hero, even
after his death, for he is said to have come to their
assistance from the lower world ; for when Eurys-
theus demanded of the Athenians the surrender of
the children of Heracles, who had been kindly re-
ceived there, lolaus, who was already dead, begged
of the gods of the lower world permission to re-
turn to life, to assist the children of his master.
The request being granted, he returned to the
upper world, slew Eurystheus, and then went to
rest again. (Pind. Pi/th. ix. 137 ; Eurip. Hera-
clidae.) After Heracles had instituted the Olym-
pian games, lolaus won the victory with the horses
of his master, and Heracles sent him to Sardinia
at the head of his sons whom he had by the
daughters of Thespius. He there took from the
savage inhabitants the finest portions of their
country, civilised them, and was afterwards ho-
noured by them with divine worship. From Sar-
dinia he went to Sicily, and then returned to He-
racles shortly before the death of the latter. After
the burning of Heracles, when his remains could
not be discovered, lolaus was the first that offered
sacrifices to him as a demigod. (Paus. v. 29 ;
Diod. iv. 29, 30, 40.) According to Pausanias
(ix. 23), lolaus died in Sardinia, whereas, accord-
ing to Pindar {01. ix. 149, Pyth. ix. 137 ; Hygin.
Fab. 103 ; Apollod. ii. 4. § 11, 5. §2, 6. § 1), he
was buried in the tomb of his grandfather, Amphi-
tryon, and was worshipped as a hero. His de-
scendants in Sardinia were called 'loAaety (Strab.
V. p. 225) and lolaenses, and in the time of Pausa-
nias (x. 17. § 4), a town lolaia still existed in
Sardinia, where lolaus was worshipped as a
hero. [L. S.]
IOLAUS. [Claudius Julius, p. 778, a.]
I'OLE ('IoAtj), the last beloved of Heracles, and
a daughter of Eurytus of Oechalia. [Heracles.]
According to some writers, she was a half-sister of
Dryope. (Anton. Lib. 32 ; Ov. Met. ix, 325,
&c.) [L. S.]
IOLLAS or lOLAUS ('lo'Aas or *IoAAas), son
of Antipater, and brother of Cassander, king of
Macedonia. He was one of the royal youths who,
according to the Macedonian custom, held offices
about the king's person, and was cup-bearer to
Alexander at the period of his last illness. Those
writers who adopt the idea of the king having
been poisoned, represent loUas as the person who
actually administered the fatal draught, at the
banquet given to Alexander by Medius, who, ac-
cording to this story, was an intimate friend of
lollas, and had been induced by him to take part
in the plot. (Arrian, Anab. vii. 27 ; Pint. Alex.
77 ; Curt. X. 10. § 14; Justin, xii. 14; Vitruv.
viii. 3. § 16.) It is unnecessary to point out the
absurdity and inconsistency of this tale. (See
Stahr's Aristotelia vol. i. p. 136, &c. ; and Blakes-
ley's Life of Aristotle^ p. 85, &c.) Plutarch him-
self tells us expressly that it was never heard of
until six years afterwards, when Olympias availed
herself of this pretext as an excuse for the cruelties
she exercised upon the friends and adherents of
Antipater. lollas was then dead, but she caused
his grave to be opened, and desecrated with every
mark of indignity. (Pint. Alex. 11 ; Diod. xix. 11.)
The period or occasion of his death is nowhere
mentioned : the last we hear of him is in b. c. 322,
when he accompanied his sister Nicaea to Asia,
where she was married to Perdiccas. (Arrian, up.
Phot. p. 70, a, ed. Bekk.) The story of Hyperides
having proposed the voting a reward to lollas as
the murderer of Alexander ( Vit. X. Orutt. p. 849),
which is in direct contradiction to the statement of
Plutarch already cited, is unquestionably a mere
invention of later times. (See Droysen, Hellenism.
vol. i. p. 705.) [E. H. B.]
IOLLAS, lOLAUS, or lOLAS ('lo'AAas,
'loAoo?, or 'loAas), a writer on materia medica, born
in Bithynia, who was probably a contemporary of
Heracleides of Tarentum, or a little anterior to him,
in the third century B. c, as he is mentioned in com-
pany with him by Dioscorides. {De Mat. Med. i.
Praef. vol. i. p. 2. ) He is mentioned also by Celsus
[De Medic, v. 22, p. 93), Pliny (//. iV. xx. 73, 76),
Galen (De Antid. i. 2, vol. xiv. p. 7), St. Epipha-
nius (Adv. Haeres. i. 1. 3. p. 3.), and the scholiast
on Nicander ( Ther. v. 683), but nothing is known
of the events of his life, nor are any of his writings
preserved. [W. A. G.]
ION ("J(iov the fabulous ancestor of the lonians,
is described as a son of Apollo by Creusa, the
daughter of Erechtheus and wife of Xuthus.
(Apollod. i. 7. § 3 ; Creusa.) The most cele-
brated story about him is that which fomis the
subject of the Jon of Euripides. Apollo had
visited Creusa in a cave below the Propylaea,
and when she gave birth to a son, she exposed him
in the same cave. The god, however, had the child
conveyed to Delphi, and there had him educated
by a priestess. When the boy had grown, and
Xuthus and Creusa came to consult the oracle about
the means of obtaining an heir, the answer was,
that the first human being which Xuthus met on
leaving the temple should be his son. Xuthus met
Ion, and recognised him as his son ; but Creusa,
imagining him to be a son of her husband by a
