RUTILIUS. consulship, B. c. 90, in the Social war. Under the republic the Rutilii appear with the cognomens Calvus, Lupus, and Rufus ; but in the imperial period we find several other surnames, of which a list is given below. The persons of this name who are mentioned without a cognomen are spoken of under Rutilius, under which head the Rutilii with the cognomens of Calvus and Rufus are also given. The only coins of this gens extant bear on them the cognomen Flaccus, which does not occur in writers. [Flaccus, p. 157, a.] RUTI'LIUS J. P. Rutilius, tribune of the plebs, B. c. 169, opposed the censors of that year in the execution of one of their orders, and was in consequence removed by them from his tribe, and reduced to the condition of an aerarian. (Liv. xliii. 16, xliv. 16.) 2. P. Rutilius Calvus, praetor b.c. 166. (Liv. xlv. 44.) 3. P. Rutilius, tribune of the plebs, b. c. 136, commanded Hostilius Mancinus to leave the senate, on the ground that he had lost his citizenship by having been surrendered to the Numantines. (Cic. de Or. i. 40.) [Comp. Mancinus, No. 3.] 4. P. Rutilius Rufus, consul b.c. 105, cele- brated as an orator and an historian. See below. 5. C. Rutilius Rufus, probably a brother of the preceding, undersigned the accusation of P. Lentulus against M'. Aquillius, about B. c. 128. This C. Rufus was, like Publius, a friend of Scae- vola. (Cic. Div. in Caecil. 21, Brut. 40.) 6. Rutilius, an officer in the army of Sulla in Asia, was sent by the latter to Fimbria, when he solicited an interview in B. c. 84. ( Appian, Mithr. 60.) [FlMHRIA, No. 1.] 7. C. Rutilius, accused by C. Rucius and de- fended by Sisenna. (Cic. Brut. 74.) 8. P. Rutilius, a witness in the case of Cae- cina. (Cic. joro Caecin. 10.) 9. P. Rutilius, employed by Caesar in as- signing grants of land to his veterans, B. c. 45. (Cic. ad Fam. xiii. 8.) RUTI'LIUS GA'LLICUS, praefectus urbi under Domitian. (Juv. xiii. 157; Stat. Silv. i. 4.) RUTI'LIUS GE'MINUS, a Latin writer of uncertain age, was the author of a tragedy called
- ' Astyanax," and of " Libri Pontificals," accord-
ing to the suspicious testimony of the grammarian Fulgentius Planciades. (Bothe, Poet. Lat. Seen. Fragm. p. 270.) RUTI'LIUS LUPUS. [Lupus.] RUTI'LIUS MA'XIMUS. [Maximus.] RUTPLIUS NUMATIA'NUS, CLAU'- DIUS, a Roman poet, and a native of Gaul, lived at the beginning of the fifth century of the Christian aera. He resided at Rome a consider- able time, where he attained the high dignity of praefectus urbi, probably about a. D. 413 or 414. He returned, however, to his native country after it had been laid waste by the barbarians of the north, and appears to have passed there the remainder of his life in peace. His re- turn to Gaul he described in an elegiac poem, which bears the title of Jiinerariuyn, or De Reditu, but which Wernsdorf thinks may have been en- titled originally Rutilii de Reditu suo Jtinerarium. Of this poem the first book, consisting of 644 lines, and a small portion of the second, have come down to us. It appears from internal evidence (i. 133) that it was composed in a. d. 417, in the reign of Honorius. It is superior both in poetical RUTILIUS. 681 colouring and purity of language to most of the productions of the age; and the» passage in which he celebrates the praises of Rome is not unworthy of the pen of Claudian. Rutilius was a heathen, and attacks the Jews and monks with no small severity. The editio princeps of the poem was printed at Bologna (Bononia) in 1520, 4to., with a dedication to Leo X. The work has since been frequently reprinted, and it appears in its best form in the edition of A. W. Zumpt, Berlin, 1840. The other editions most worthy of mention are by Kappius, Brian. 1786 ; by Gruber, Niirnberg, 1804 ; and in the Poetae Latini Minores, edited by Burraann, vol. ii. ; and by Wernsdorf, vol. v. pt. 1. The latter writer, in his Prolegomena, discusses at great length every point respecting the life and poem of Rutilius. RUTI'LIUS, PALLA'DIUS, or, with his full name, Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus, the writer on agriculture, is spoken of under Pal- ladius. P. RUTI'LIUS RUFUS, a Roman statesman and orator. He was a military tribune under Scipio in the Numantine war, was praetor b. c. Ill, was consul B. c. 105, having been defeated Avhen he first stood for the office in b. c. 107, and in B. c. 95 was legatus under Q. Mucins Scaevola, proconsul of Asia. While acting in this capacity he displayed so much honesty and firmness in repressing the extortions of the publicani, that he became an object of fear and hatred to the whole body. Accordingly, on his return to Rome, he was impeached, by a certain Apicius, of malver- sation (de repetundis), found guilty, and compelled to withdraw into banishment B. c. 92. Cicero (pro Font. 13, Brut. 30), Livy (Epit. lib. Ixx.), Velleius (ii. 13), and Valerius Maximus (ii. 10. §5), agree in asserting that Rutilius was a man of the most spotless integrity, and in representing his condemnation as the result of a foul and un- principled conspiracy on the part of the equestrian order, who not only farmed the public revenues, but at that period enjoyed also the exclusive pri- vilege of acting as judices upon criminal trials. He retired first to Mytilene, and from thence to Smyrna, where he fixed his abode, and passed the remainder of his days in tranquillity, having refused to return to Rome, although recalled by Sulla. (Senec. de Benef. vi. 37 ; comp. Cic. Brut, 22, -pro Balb. 1 1; Ov. ex Ponto, i. 3. 63 ; Sueton. de III. Gramm. 6 ; Oros. v. 17.) The orations of Rutilius were of a stem, harsh caste {tristi ac severo genere), containing much valuable matter upon civil law, but dry and meagre {jejunal) in form, and imbued with the keen but cold character of the Stoical philosophy, in which their autlior was deeply versed. He is classed in the Brutus (c. 29) along with Scaurus, both being described us men of much industry, extensive practice, and good abilities, but destitute of ora- torical talent of a high order. They were twice fairly pitted against each other, for Rutilius, when defeated in his suit for the consulship, impeached Scaurus, his successful competitor, of bribery, and Scaurus, being acquitted, in turn charged his accuser with the same olFence. We are acquainted with the titles of seven speeches by Rutilius, but of these scarcely a word has been preserved. L Adversus Scaurum. 2. Pro se contra Scau* rum. Both delivered B. c. 107 (Cic. Brut. 30,
