1336 ZALICHES. Peripl. P. E. p. 9) ; and this place seems to be the same as the one mentioned in the Pent. Table under the corrupt name of Halega, at a distance of 25 Roman miles from Zacoria. Hamilton {Researches, i. p. 298) identities the site of Zalecus with the modern Alatcham, where some ruins and massive walls are still seen. [L. S.] ZALICHES (ZaAix)s), a town in the interior of Paphlagonia, or what, at a late period, was called Hellenopontus, probably near some mountain forest, as Hierocles (p. 701) calls it SaAros ZaXixO^ (^No- vell. 28 ; Cone. Nicaen. ii. p. 355, where a bishop of Zaliches is mentioned, and p. 163, from which it would seem that at one time the place bore the name of Leontopolis.) [L. S.] ZAMA (Z6.fxa fj-ii^ov, Ptol. iv. 3. § 33), a town of Numidia, situated five days' journey to the SW. of Carthase. (Polyb. xv. 5; Liv. xxx. 29.) It lay between Sicca Veneria and Suffetula, and bore the name of "Regia;" whence we find it erroneou.^ly written Zamareigia in the Tab. Pent. Zama is par- ticularly renowned as the scene of Scipio's victory over Hannibal in 201 B.C. It was a very strong place, and hence adopted as a residence by Juba, who brought his harem and his treasure hither, as to a place of safety. (IWrX. B. Afr. 91; Vitruv. viii. 3. (or 4.) § 24.) Strabo represents it as de- stroyed by the Romans, and as being in a ruinous state in his time (xvii. pp. 829, 831). But it must have been subsequently restored, since Pliny (v. 4. s. 4) mentions the Zamense oppidum as a free city. It also appears in the Tab. Pent., and a bishop of Zama is mentioned by St. Augustine. (Z^e Civ. Dei, vii. 16.) In an inscription in Gruter (364. 1) Zama Regia appears with the title of a colony (Col. Aelia Hadriana); though it is not mentioned as a colony in any of the ancient writers. It is the pre- sent Jama, SE. of Kess. (Cf. Dion Cass, xlviii. 23; Sail. J. 60, 61.) [T. H. D.] ZAJIA (Za/io), a town of the district of Chamma- nene, iu Cappadocia, on the borders of Galatia. (Ptol. V. 18. § 12 ; Tab. Peut) [L. S.] ZAMAE FONS, a spring in Africa, probably near the town of Zama, which had the property of rendering the voice clear and strong. (Plin. xxxi. 2. s. 12.) [T. H. D.] ZAMAZII (ZafidCiot, Ptol. iv. 6. § 18). a people of Libva Interior. [T. H. D.] ZAMENSE 0PPIDU5I. [Zama.] ZAMES (Zd/x7)s, Ptol. vi. 7. §§ 20, 21), a moun- tain chain in the interior of Arabia Felix, which stretched as far as the borders of Arabia De- serta. It is probably the present Jabel Aared, or Imartjeh. [T. H. D.] ZANCLE. [Messana.] ZAO PROMONTORIUM, a headland on the coast of Gallia Xarbonensis, and east of JIassilia (^Mar- seille'). Pliny (iii. 4), after mentioning Massilia says, " Promontorium Zao, Citharista Portus. Eegio Camatullicorum. Dein Suelteri." It is not easy to identify Zao. Ukert conjectures that it may be Bee de Sorniion. In the Statistique du Dep. des Bouches du Rhone, it is supposed to be Cap de la Croisette. This is a rocky coast, which has undergone little change for many centuries. (Ukert, Gallien, p. 120.) [G. L.] ZAPAORTENI. [Apavakcticene.] ZAKA (Zapa), a town in the northern part of Armenia !Minor, or perhaps more correctly in Pontus, on the road from Caesarea to Satala, and at the same time on that from Arabissus to Nicopolis. It ZELA. still bears the name of Zara or Sara. (It. Ant. pp. 182, 207, 213.) [L. S.] ZARADRUS {ZdfjdSpos, Ptol. vii. 1. § 27). the upper portion of the Hyphasis, the most eastern of the five rivers of the Panjdb, now the Sutledye. There is some doubt about tlie orthography of this name, which in some editions is written Zadrades. There can be no doubt that in either case it is de- rived from the Sanscrit name Satadru, and that it is the same as the Hesydrus of Pliny (vi. 17. s. 21). [V.] ZARAI, a town in the interior of Numidia, on the road from Lamasba to Sitifis. {Itin. Ant. p. 35.) In the Tab. Peut. it is called Zaras. Variously identi- fied with Jifjbah, Kqaous, and Zeryah. [T. H. D.J ZARANGI. [Dkangae.] ZARATAE, or ZARETAE {Zapdrai, Ptol. vi. 14. § 11), a people of Scythia on the Imaus. [T.H.D.] ZARAX (Zdpa|, Pans., VxAyh.; Zdprj|, Ptol.: Eth. ZaprjKtos, Steph. B.), a town on the eastern coast of Laconia, with a good harbour, situated upon a promontory, which isaprojectionof Mt. Zarax. [^'ol. II. p. 109, b.] Like Prasiae and some other places on this part of the Laconian coast, it passed into the hands of the Argives in the time of the Macedonian supremacy ; and this was apparently the reason why it was destroyed by Cleonymus, the son of Cleo- menes. From this disaster it never recovered. Au- gustus made it one of the Eleuthero-Laconian towns; but Pausanias found in it nothing to mention but a temple of Apollo at the end of the harbour. It is now called Bieraka, which is evidently a corruption of Zarax, and there are still ruins of the ancient town. The promontory bears the same name, and the port, which is on its northern side, is described as small but well sheltered. Pausanias says that Zarax was 100 stadia from Epidaurus Limera, but this distance is too great. (Pans. iii. 24. § 1 ; comp. i. 38. § 4, iii. 21. § 7 ; Polyb. iv. 36 : Ptol. iii. 15. § 10 ; Plin. iv. 5. s. 17 ; Steph. B. s. v. ; Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 219 ; Boblaye, Etcherches, cfc. p. 101; Curtius, Peloponnesos, vol. ii. p. 291.) ZARAX MONS. [Laconia, p. 109, b.] ZARGIDAVA {Zapyi^ava, Ptol. iii. 10. § 15). a town of Moesia Inferior, on the Danube. [T. H. D.] ZARIASPA. [Bactra.] ZARIASPAE. [Bactra.] ZARIASPIS. [Bactrus.] ZARillZEGETHUSA. [Sarshzegethcsa.] ZAL'E'CES (ZavTiKis, Herod, iv. 193), a people of Libya, dwelling in a woody and mountainous country abounding in wild beasts, to the S. of the subsequent Roman province of Africa, and near the tribe of the Slaxyes. A custom prevailed among them for the women to drive the chariots in war; which Heeren conjectures may have occasioned the placing of the Amazons in this neighbourhood. {ideen, ii. 1. p. 41.) [t. H. D.] ZAUTHA. [Zaitha.] ZEA PORTUS. [Atiienae, p. 304, seq.] ZEBULON. [PAL.VEST1XA.] ZEGRENSII {Ziypwfftoi, Ptol iv. 1. § 10), a people of IMauretania Tingitana. [T. H. D.] ZEITHA (ZiiBa, Ptol. iv. 3. § 12), a promontory of the Regie Syrtica forming the E. point of the Syrtis Minor. [T. H. D.] ZELA (to Z^Aa), a town in the interior of Pontus, on the left bank of the Iris, towards the Galatian fron- I tier, was believed to have been erected on a mound constructed by Semiramis. (Sti-ab. xii. p. 561, comp. ' pp. 512, 559.) It seems to have originally been a
