KOVAS, AD. NOVAS, AD, a tortress of Upper Moesia, situ- ated on the Danube, and on the road from Vinii- naciuin to Nicomeilia. (/<m. Ant. p. 218.) It lay about 48 miles E. of the former of tho.-^e towns. It i.s identified with Kolumbaiz, where tiiere are still traces of ancient fortifications. [T. H. D.] NOVAS, AD, a station in Illyricum {Anton. Itin.), wiiich has been identified with Rimnvich in the Imosclii, where several Latin inscriptions have been found, principally dedications to Jupiter, from Soldiers of the 1st and 13tli lesxions, who were quar- tered there. (Wilkinson, Dalmatia and Monte- ne^rrf). viil. ii. p. 149.) [E. B. J.] NOVEM CKARIS, in South Gnllia, is placed by the Jerusalem Itin. between Lectoce [Lf.ctock] and Acuuum, supposed to be A7iconne on the Rh me. [G. L.] NO'EM PAGI is the name given by Pliny (iii. 5. s. 8) to a " populus " or community of Etruria, the site of which is very uncertain. They are gene- rally placed, but ■without any real authority, in the neighbourhdod of Fonim Clodii. (Dennis's Etruria, vol. i. p 273.) [E. H. B.] NOVE'SIUM, a fortified place on the Gallic side of tne Rhine, which is often mentioned by Tacitus (^Bist. iv. 26, 33, 35, &c., v. 22). It is also mentioned in the Antonine Itin. and in the Table. There is no difficulty about the position of Novesium, which is Xetiss, between Colonia Agrippina (^Coln) and Gel- duba (^Gelb or Gellep). [Gelduba.] Novesium fell into ruins, and was repaired by Julian, A. D. 359. (Amm. JIarc. xviii. 2.) [G. L.] XOVIJIAGUS, in Gallia, is placed in the Table after Mosa {Afetivi). Jlosa is placed by the Antonine Itin. on the road between Andomatunum (Langres) and Tullum (I'oul). Novimagus s Neufckdtemi, on the same side of the river Jlosa as Meuvi, but the distance in the Table is not correct. [G. L.] NOVIODU'NUM (NoouroSowov). 1. A town of the Bituriges, in Gallia. Caesar, after the capture of Genabum (Orleans), b. c. 52, crossed the Loire, to relieve the Boii, who were attacked by Vercingetorix. The position of the Boii is not certain [BoiiJ. Oil his march Caesar came to Noviodunum of the Bituriges (5. G. vii. 12), which surrendered. But on the approach of the cavalry of Vercingetorix, the townsmen shut their gates, and manned the walls. Tiiere was a cavalry fight between the Romans and Vercingetorix before the town, and Caesar got a victory by the help of the German horse. Upon this the town again surrendered, and Caesar inarched on to Avaricum (Bourses). There is nothing in this narrative which will de- termine the site of Noviodunum. D'Anville thinks that Caesar must have passed Avaricum, leaving it on his right; and so he supposes that Nouam, a name something like Noviodunum, may be the place. De Valotis places Noviodunum at Xeury-sur-Be- rtnjon, where it is said there are remains ; but this proves nothing. 2. A town of the Aedui on the Loire. The place was afterwards called Nevirnum, as the name ap- pears in the Antonine Itin. In the Table it is cor- rupted into Ebrinum. There is no doubt that Ne- virnum is Nevers, which has its name from the little river Nievre, which flows into the Loire. Ill n. c. 52 Caesar had made Noviodunum, which he describes as in a convenient position on the banks of the Loire, a depot (5. G. vii. 55). He had his hostages there, corn, his military chest, with the money in it allowed him from home for the war, his VOL. 11. NOMOMAGUS. 449 own and his army's baggage, and a great number of horses which had been bouglit for him in Sjisiin and Italy. After his failure before Gergovia, the Aedui at Noviodunum massacred those who were there to look after stores, the negotiatores. and the travellers who were in tho place. They divided the money among them and the hor.'^es, cairied off in boats all the corn that they could, and burnt the rest or threw it into the river. Thinking they could not hold the town, they burnt it. It was a re<ru!ar Gallic outbreak, performed in its true national stvle. This was a great loss to Caesar ; and it may seem that lie was imprudent in leaving such creat stores in the power of treacherous allies. But he was in straits during this year, and probably he could not do otherwise than he did. Dion Cassius (xl. 38) tells the story out of Caesar of the affair of Noviodunum. He states in- correctly what Caesar did on the occasion, and lie shows that he neither understood his original, nor knew what he was writing about. 3. A town of the Suessioiies, mentioned by Caesar {B. G. ii. 12). Caesar (b. c. 57), after leaving the Axona (Aisne), entered the territory of the Snes- siones, and making one day's long match, reached Noviodunum, which was surrounded by a high wall and a broad ditch. The place surrendered to Caes:ir. It has been conjectured that Noviodunum Snessio- num was the place afterwards called Augusta [Augusta Suessionum], but it is by no means certain. [G. L.] NOVIODU'NUJI {^oov'ioZovvov). 1. A place in Pannonia Superior, on the great road leading from Aemona to Siscia, on the southern bank of the Savus. (Ptol. ii. 15. § 4; Itin. Ant. p. 259: Geogr. Kav. iv. 19, where it is called Novindum.) Its modern name is Novigrad. 2. A town and fortress in Lower Moesia, a little above the point where the Danube divides itself into several arms. (Ptol. iii. 10. § 11.) Near this town the emperor Valens constructed a bridge over the Danube for his expedition against the Greutlumgi. (Amm. JIarc. xxvii. 1.) Some writers h.ave su)iposed, without any good reason, that Novioduimm is the point at which Darius ordered a bridge to be built when he set out on his expedition against the Scythians. The town, as its name indicates, was of Celtic origin. According to the Antonine Itinerary (p. 226) Noviodunum was the station of the legio ii. Herculea, while according to the " Notitia linperii" it had the legio i. Jovia for its garrison. During the later period of the Western Empiie, the fortifica- tions of the place had been de.-troyed, but they were restoretl by Justiinan (Procop. de Aed. iv. 1 1 ; conip. Hierocl. p. 637; and Constant. Poipli. deThem. ii. 1, where the place is called tiaSioZowos and Na^io- touvov). The Civitas Nova in Jornandes {Get. 5) is probably the same as Noviodunum ; and it is generally believed that its site is occupied by the movlern Isaczi. [L- S.J NOVIO.MAGUS (Noi(5^a7os). 1. A town in Gallia, which afterwards had the name Lexovii [LliX- ovii], which was that of a people of Celtica. In the Greek text of Ptolemy (ii. 8. § 2), as it is at present printed, the word Liinen {'Mv) is put after the name Noeomagus. But this is not true, for Noviomagus is Lisieux, which is not on the sea, though the territory of the Lexovii extended to the sea. 2. Afterwards Nemetes, in Gallia, the capital of the Nemetae or Nenietes [Nejietes.] The nama G «
