OLCADES. O'LCADES ('OAjcdScj), a people of Hispania Baetica, dwellirii; N. of Carthatro Nova, on the upper course of the Anas, and in the E. part of the territoi7 occupied at a later date by the Oretani. They are mentioned only in the wars of the Carthaginians •with the Iberians, and after that period vanish en- tirely from history. Hannibal during his wars in Italy transplanted a colony of them into Africa. Their chief town was Althaea. (Polyb. iii. 14. 2.3, and 13. 5; Liv. xxi. 5; Steph. B. s. v.: Suidas, s. V.) [T. H. D.] OLCI'NIUM (OvAKiviov, Ptol ii. 17. § 5; 01- chinium, Plin. iii. 26 : Eth. Olciniatae), a town of some importance in Illyricum, which surrendered to the Romans at the commencement of hostilities with Gentius, and which, in consequence, received the privilege of freedom and immunity from taxation. (Liv. xlv. 26.) Dulcigno or Ulkin, as it is still called, is identified with this town. (Hahn, Alba- ne^ische Sttulien, p. 262.) [E. B. J.] OLEARUS. [Oliarus.] OLEASTRUM ('OXeaarpov, Ptol. ii. 4 § 14). 1. A town in Hispania Baetica, in the jurisdiction of Gades, with a grove of the same name near it. (Mela, iii. 1. § 4; Plin. iii. 1. s. 3.) 2. A town of the Cosetani in Hispania Tarraco- nensis, on the road from Dertosa to Tarraco (^Itin. Ant 399). Probably the same town mentioned by Strabo (iii. p. 159), but erroneously placed by him near Saguntum. It seems also to Lave given name to the lead mentioned by Pliny (xxxiv. 17. s. 49). Variously identified with Balagiier, Mlramar, and S. Lucar de Barrameda (llarca, Ilisp. ii. 11. p. 142.) [T. H. D.] OLEASTRUM PROM. ('OAeWTpo;/, Ptol. iv. 1. § 6), a promontory of JIauretania, between Russadir and Abyla, called in the Antonine Itinerary, Bau- BARi Prom., now Punta di Mazari, in the bight of Tit(iwd?i, or Tetiidn. [E. B. J.] OLE'NACUM, a fortress in the N. of Britannia Romana, and the station of the Ala Prima Herculea (A'o<. Prov.) It lay close to the Picts' wall, and Camden thinks (p. 1022) that it occupied the site of Linstoc Castle in the barony of Crosby, not far from Carlisle. Horsley, however (p. 112) takes it to be Old Carlisle, near Wigton, where there are some conspicuous Roman remains. [T. H. D.] OLENUS {"n.Kevos'), a town in Galatia, in the west of Ancyra, and belonging to the territory of the Tectosages, is mentioned only by Ptolemy (v. 4. § 8). [L. S.] O'LENUS ("aXeuo';: Eth. 'aXevios). 1. An ancient town in the S. of Aetolia, between the Achelous and the Evenus, was named after a son of Zeus or Hephaestus, and is mentioned in the Homeric catalogue. It was situated near New Pleuron, at the foot of Mount Aracynthus ; but its exact site is uncertain. It is said to have been destroyed by the Aeolians ; and there were only a few traces of it in the time of Str.abo. (Strab.x. pp. 451, 460; Hom. II. ii. 638; Apollod. i. 8. § 4; Hyg. Poet. Astron. 2. § 13; Stat. Theh. iv. 104; Steph. B. s. v.) The Roman poets use Olenius as equivalent to Aetolian: thus Tydeus of Calydon in Aetolia is called Olenius Tydeus. (Stat. Theh. i. 402.) 2. A town of Achaia, and originally one of the 12 Achaean cities, was situated on the coast, and on the left bank of the river Peiras, 40 stadia from Pyme, and 80 stadia from Patrae. On the revival of the Achaean League in b. c. 280, it appears that Olenus was still in existence, as Strabo says that it OLINAS. 473 did not join the league: but the inhabitants subse- quently abandoned the town, and retired to the neighbouring villages of Peirae (Ileipai), and Eury- teiae (Eiipureia/), and to Dyme. In the time of Polybius, however, Oienus was no longer inhabited; and in the time of Strabo it was in ruins, and its territory belonged to Dyme. There are some remains of the ancient city at Kato or Palea-Akhaia. (Herod. i. 145; Pol. ii. 41; Strab. viii. pp. 384, 386, 388; Paus. vii. 18. § 1, vii. 22. § 1 ; Plin. iv. 6, Oletium; Leake, Morea, vol. ii. p. 157, Peloponnesiaca, p. 208 ; Thirhvall, Hist, of Greece, vol. viii. p. 82.) O'LERUS ("riAepos, Xenion, ap. Steph. B. s. v.: Eth. 'flAe'pios, Bockh, Inscr.Y^. ii. No. 2555; Eus- tath. ad II. ii. p. 664), a town of Crete, situated on a hill, with a temple to Athene. In the struggle between Cnossus and Lyctus, the people of Olerus sided with the latter. (Polyb. iv. 53, where the reading "Opioi appears to be a mistake.) In the Descrizione dell' Isola di Candla, A. d. 1538 (ap. Mus. Class. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 271), the site is occupied by a place called Castel Messelerius. (Hock, Kreta, vol. i. pp. 17, 424.) [E. B. J.] OJiGASSYS {"OAyaffcrvs'), a lofty and inacces- sible mountain on the frontier's of Paphlagonia and Galatia, extending from the Halys in a south-western direction towards the Sangarius, and containing the sources of the Parthenius. The surrounding coirntry was filled with temples erected by the Paphlagonians. (Strab. xii. p. 562.) The mountain mentioned by Ptolemy (v. 4. § 4) under the name of Ligas, Gigas, or Oligas, is probably the same as the Olgassys of Strabo. It still bears its ancient name in the corrupt form of Ulgaz, and modern travellers state that some parts of the mountain are covered with snow nearly all the year. [L. S.] OLI'ARUS ('nxiapos. Olearus, Plin., Virg.: £^/;. ^CiXidpLos; Antijjaro), an island in the Aegaean se.a, one of the Cyclades, said by Heracleides to have been colonised by the Sidonians and to be 58 stadia from Paros. (Heracleid. ap. Steph. B. s. v.; Strab. X. p. 485 : Plin. iv. 12. s. 22 ; Virg. Aen. iii. 126.) It possesses a celebrated stalactitic cavern, which has been described by several modern travel- lers. (Tournefort, Voyage, cf-c. vol. i. p. 146, seq., Eng. transl. ; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 87, seq.; Fiedler, Reise durch Griechenland, vol. ii. p. 191, seq.) OLIBA ('OAi'ga, Ptol. ii. 6. § 55), a town of the Beroces in the N. of Hispania Tarraconensis. Ukert (vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 458) takes it to be the same town as Olbia in Iberia, mentioned by Steph. B. [T.H.D.] OLI'CANA ('OA.'/coi'a, Ptol. ii. 3. § 16), a town of the Brigantes in the N. of Britannia Romana; ac- cording to Camden (p. 867). Ilkley, on the river T17(«/in Yorkshire. ' [T. H. D.] OLIGYRTUS (;oiyvpTos, Polyb. iv. 11, 70; ^Ov6yvpros, Plut. Cleom. 26), a mountain and for- tress situated in a pass between Styniplialus and Caphyae. Leake places it on a small advanced height of Mt. Skiptzi, projecting into the Stympha- lian plain, on the crest of which are the foundations of a Hellenic wall, formed of large quadningular stones. (Leake, Morea, veil. iii. p. 114; Boblaye, Recherches,ifc. p. 154; Curtius, Peloponnesos, vol. i. p. 217.) OLINA. [Gai.i.ecia, p. 934, b.] OLINAS ( 'OAiVa TToraixov (i<§oa'i). Ptolemy (ii. 8. c. 2) places the mouth of the Olin.as river on the coast of Celtogalatia Lugdunensis in the country of the Veneli or Unelli ; and the next place which
