CONTENTS. Page
Climate 721 Part I. — History or The City. I. Traditions respecting the foundation of Rome 722 II. The city of Romulus 724 Pomoerium 724 Gates of the Palatine city 727 III. Progress of the city till the building of the walls of Servius Tullius 729 Legend of Tarpeia — Porta Janualis, and Temple of Janus 729 Regions of Servius 733 Septimontium 734 IV. Progress of the city till the time of Augustus 735 Regions of Augustus. 737 His municipal regulations 739 Augustan Rome 740 V. History of the city till the building of the walls of Aurelian 741 Fire under Nero 741 Changes under subsequent Emperors 741 VI. Decline and Fall of the city 742 Rome in the time of Constantius II. 743 The Barbarians at Rome 743 Rome under the Popes 745 VII. Population of Rome 746 Part II. — Torocrarny. I. Walls and gates of Servius Tullius 748 Survey under Vespasian, and circumference of the city 756 False and doubtful gates 757 Transtiberine wall 757 II. Walls and gates of Aurelian and Honorius 758 III. The Capitol 761 IV. The Forum and its environs 772 The Sacra Via 773 Vicus Jugarius aud Vieus Tuscus 775 The Comitium 775 The Forum under the Kings 778 during the Republic 783 under the Empire 789 V. The imperial Fora 797 VI. The Palatine, Velia, and Nova Via 802 VII. The Aventine 810 VIII. The Velabrum, Forum Boarium, and Circus Maximus 812 IX. The Caelian hill 817 X. The district S. of the Caelian 819 XI. The Esquiline and its neighbourhood 822 XII. The Vininal, Quirinal, and Pincian hills 828 XIII. The Campus Martius, Circus Flaminius, and Via Lata 832 XIV. The Transtiberine district 840 XV. Circi, Theatres, and Amphitheatres 843 XVI. Baths 817 XVII. Bridges 848 XVIII. Aqueducts 850 Sources and Literature of Roman Topography 851 Situation. Rome was seated on the Tiber, and principally on its left bank, at a distance of about 15 miles from its mouth. The observatory of the Collegio Romano, which is situated in the ancient Campus Martius, lies in 41° 53’ 52” N. lat., and 12° 28’ 40” Jong. E. of Greenwich. Rome lies in the vast plain now called the Campagna, which extends in a south-easterly direction about 90 miles from Cape Linaro, a little S. of Civita Vecchia, to the Cireacan promontory; whilst its breadth is determined by the mountains on the NE. and by the Mediterranean on the SW., in which direction it does not exceed about 27 miles in its greatest extent. Looking from any of, the heights of Rome towards the E., the horizon is bounded from the N. almost to the S. by |
mariner. Beneath lay Alba Longa with its lake; at its southern foot Lanuvium, and on its northern declivity Tusculum, consecrated by the genius and philosophy of Cicero. To the S. and SW. of Mons Albanus there is nothing to obstruct the view over the undulating plain till it sinks into the sea; but on the W.and NW. the prospect is bounded to a very narrow compass by the superior elevation of Mons Janiculus and Mons Vaticanus. The plain marked out by these natural boundaries is intersected by two considerable rivers, the Tiber and the Anio, The former, at first and afterwards Tiberis or Tibris (Liv. i. 3 ; iii, 5. s. 9; Virg. Aen. viii. 330, &c.), entering the plain between Soracte and the Sabine chain before described, bends its yellow course to the S. At a distance of about 3 miles from Rome, it receives the Anio flowing from the eastward, and then with increased volume passes through the city and discharges itself into the sea at Ostia. The course of the Tiber marked the limits of Etruria: the angular territory between it and the Anio is attributed to the Sabines; whilst on the southern side the line of the Anio and of the Tiber formed the boundary of Latium. The Campagna of Rome consists of undulating ridges, from which scanty harvests are gathered; but the chief use to which it is applied is the pasturing of vast herds of cattle. These, with the picturesque herdsmen, mounted on small and half wild horses and armed with long poles or lances, are almost the only objects that break the monotony of a scene where scarce a tree is visible, and where even the solitary houses are scattered at wide intervals. Yet anciently the Campagna must have presented a very different aspect. Even within sight of Rome it was thickly studded with cities at first as florishing as herself; and in those times, when “every rood of ground maintained its man,” it must have presented an appearance of rich cultivation. Such is the nature of the country in the immediate neighbourhood of Rome, The celebrated group of |
