a large establishment for the treatment of hysterical patients. His mother, Margaret Frances, was the daughter of Adam Harvey, a wine merchant of Lewes and Brighton. Sir Morell Mackenzie [q. v.], the laryngologist, was the eldest child. An uncle, Charles Mackenzie, known as Henry Compton [q. v.], was a Shakespearean actor. Mackenzie's father was killed in a carriage accident in 1851, and he left his family in somewhat straitened circumstances. Stephen, after education at Christ's Hospital (1853-9), began his medical career as apprentice to Dr. Benjamin Dulley of Wellingborough, whose daughter he afterwards married. He entered the medical college of the London Hospital in 1866, and became M.R.C.S. England in 1869. After holding a number of resident appointments at the London Hospital, he lived for a year at Aberdeen, and there graduated M.B. with highest honours in 1873 and M.D. in 1875. He became M.R.C.P. of London in 1874 and F.R.C.P. in 1879. After working at the Charité Hospital, Berlin, in 1873, he returned to the London Hospital, and was appointed in succession medical registrar (9 Dec. 1873), assistant physician (17 March 1874), physician to the skin department (7 Dec. 1875 to 19 Oct. 1903), physician (14 Sept. 1886), and consulting physician (6 Dec. 1905). In 1877 he was appointed lecturer on pathology jointly with H. G. Sutton, and in 1886 lecturer on medicine in the medical college.
Mackenzie was distinguished not only as a general physician but for special knowledge of skin diseases, to which he made many original contributions, and of ophthalmology, which by his teaching he did much to introduce into general medicine. He was physician (1884-1905) and consulting physician to the London Ophthalmic (Moorfields) Hospital, and wrote on changes in the retina in diseases of the kidneys. In 1891 he delivered the Lettsomian lectures before the Medical Society of London on anaemia. He also made some original observations on the distribution of the filarial parasites in the blood of man in relation to sleep and rest. He employed glycerinated calf lymph for vaccination, thus reviving the practice instituted by Dr. Cheyne in 1853. He was knighted in 1903, and soon afterwards resigned his hospital appointments owing to increasing asthma.
Mackenzie died on 3 Sept. 1909, and was buried at Dorking. He married in 1879 Helen, daughter of Dr. Benjamin Dulley of Wellingborough, and had one daughter and three sons. Mackenzie's portrait in oils, painted by Henry Gibbs in 1882, is in the possession of his widow at The Croft, Dorking.
Mackenzie wrote numerous articles in Quain's 'Dictionary of Medicine,' Allbutt's 'System of Medicine,' and other medical publications, but published no independent treatise.
[London Hosp. Gaz. 1909-10, xvi. 6 ; Brit. Med. Journal, 1909, ii. 732 ; private information.]
MACKINLAY, Mrs. JOHN. [See Sterling, Antoinette (1850–1904), singer.]
MACKINTOSH, JOHN (1833–1907), Scottish historian, son of William Mackintosh, a private soldier, was born at Aberdeen on 9 Nov. 1833. He was educated at Botriphinie parish school, Banffshire, and at an early period settled in Aberdeen as stationer and newsagent. An eager student of Scottish history, by strenuous application he taught himself the art of composition, and devoted every spare minute to study and research. In 1878 he brought out the first volume of a 'History of Civilisation in Scotland,' which was in 1888 completed in four volumes, a new edition appearing 1892–6. While showing indications of imperfect culture, it is characterised by independent judgment, shrewd thoughtfulness, and clear and well-balanced exposition. He also wrote 'The Story of Scotland' (1890), a 'History of the Valley of the Dee' (1895), and 'Historical Earls and Earldoms' (1898). In 1880 he received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Aberdeen, and in 1900 a civil list pension of 50l. He died at Aberdeen on 4 May 1907.
[Who's Who; Scotsman and Glasgow Herald, 6 May 1907.]
McLACHLAN, ROBERT (1837–1904), entomologist, born at 17 Upper East Smithfield, London, on 10 April 1837, was one of five children of Hugh McLachlan, ship-chandler (d. 1855), a native of Greenock, who settled in London in early life, living at the close of his life near Hainault Forest.
Possessed of private means, McLachlan, in 1855, when eighteen years old, made a voyage to Australia and China, where he collected much botanical material, which Robert Brown, keeper of the botanical department of the British Museum, subsequently examined. His interests soon
