[Bridgewater's Concertatio (1589–94), iii. 223, 234–8; Dodd's Church Hist. ii. 157; Report of the Apprehension and Imprisonment of John Nicols, 18, 24; Addit. MS. 5865, f. 104; Cooper's Athenæ Cantab. i. 451; Diaries of the English College, Douay, pp. 142, 323–5, 358; Memorials of Card. Allen.]
CADE, SALUSBURY, M.D. (1660?–1720), physician, born in Kent about 1660, was educated as a foundation scholar at Lewisham grammar school. He was of Trinity College, Oxford, and graduated M.D. in 1691, having been admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians three years previously. He was elected a fellow in 1694, and was twice censor. He was appointed physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital on 14 Oct. 1708, and held the office till his death, on 22 Dec. 1720. He lived at Greenwich till he obtained this appointment, and thenceforward in the Old Bailey. A Latin letter of Cade's, dated 8 Sept. 1716, on the treatment of small-pox, is printed in Robert Freind's folio edition of Dr. John Freind's ‘Works’ (London, 1733). It shows him to have had a large experience of the disease. He makes the interesting observation that he had never known a case of hæmaturia in small-pox survive the sixteenth day from the eruption, and his remarks on treatment are enlightened. His name is met with as giving official sanction to books published during his censorship, and in the ‘Pharmacopœia Pauperum’ of 1718 a prescription of his for a powder to be taken internally for skin diseases is preserved. It was called Pulvis Æthiopicus, and consisted of one part of æthiopic mineral to two of crude antimony.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 510; Manuscript Journals St. Bartholomew's Hospital; original printed lists of fellows at College of Physicians; St. Bartholomew's Hospital Reports, xx. 287.]
CADELL (d. 909), king of Ceredigion and afterwards of Powys, was one of the six warlike sons of Rhodri Mawr, the most powerful of the early Welsh kings. If we can trust a late authority, he was Rhodri's eldest son, and received as his patrimony Ceredigion, with the palace at Dinevwr, and an overlordship over his other brothers. In 877 Rhodri was slain by the Saxons, and Cadell entered upon his turbulent reign. In conjunction with his brothers he ravaged and devastated the neighbouring states of Dyved and Brecheiniog to such purpose that the latter gladly accepted the help of King Alfred against a nearer and more terrible foe (Asser, M. H. B. 488 B.C.) Not long after the sons of Rhodri were compelled themselves to become Alfred's men (? 885. Mr. J. R. Green's ‘Conquest of England,’ p. 183, dates the submission of the house of Rhodri in 897). The harmony between the brothers did not long survive their defeat. In 894 Anarawd, the king of Gwynedd, joined the English in a devastating inroad into Cadell's territory, and burnt remorselessly all the houses and corn in Dyved and Ystrad Towy (Annales Cambriæ, Gwentian Brut). Soon after Rhodri's death Cadell is said to have driven his brother Mervyn out of Powys and added it to his possessions (Gwentian Brut, 876); but as Mervyn continued alive until 903 (An. Cambr. MS. B), and was still styled king of Powys (Gwentian Brut, which puts his death in 892), it is very improbable that a lasting conquest was effected. Anyhow, as Anarawd continued to reign in Gwynedd, Cadell certainly was not, as the ‘Gwentian Brut’ asserts, thus made king over all Wales. Indeed, it is quite probable that Anarawd was the elder of the sons of Rhodri. Besides civil feuds and Saxon invasions the period of Cadell's reign was signalised by repeated invasions of the ‘black pagans,’ as the Welsh called the Irish Danes, which culminated in 906 in the destruction of St. David's. Three years afterwards Cadell died (909 A. C. MS. A, 907 B. y T., 900 Gwentian B.) Three of his sons are mentioned by the chronicles, Howel, Clydog, and Meurug. Of these the eldest became Cadell's successor, and was celebrated as Howel Dha, the wisest and best of the Welsh kings.
[Annales Cambriæ; Brut y Tywysogion; Asser's Vita Ælfredi; and the later and less trustworthy Gwentian Brut (Cambrian Archæological Association).]
CADELL (d. 943), a Welsh prince, was the son of Arthvael, the son of Hywel. He appears to have been lord of some portion of Morganwg, and perhaps, like Arthvael, of seven cantreds of Gwent as well. He died of poison in 943, according to the ‘Annales Cambriæ;’ in 941 according to the ‘Brut y Tywysogion.’ The less trustworthy ‘Gwentian Brut,’ which speaks with some authority for the part of Wales governed by Cadell, gives several other particulars about him. It also asserts that two of his immediate predecessors attained the patriarchal age of 120. In 933 King Æthelstan subdued all the Welsh princes, and on his death in 940 Cadell joined Idwal Voel and his brother in their effort to throw off the English yoke. On this account Cadell was slain by the Saxons ‘through treachery and ambush.’ It is quite clear that South-east Wales was during this period closely subject to the West Saxon kings, and there is nothing improbable in the story. Cadell, son of Arthvael, king
