Prerogative Court, Canterbury, on 22 Nov. in the same year. Nichols, in his 'History of the Ironmongers' Company,' gives a pedigree of Sir Christopher's family and descendants. Besides his bequest to the Iron-mongers' Company, he left annuities to the poor of St. Andrew Undershaft and of Beckington, Essex, and two scholarships for poor scholars of Christ's Hospital at Oxford University. He was twice married: first, to Catherine, daughter of Thomas Rowland of London, who died on 15 April 1606; and secondly, to Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Campbell, who survived him, and died on 13 Dec. 1645, both wives being buried with him in St. Andrew Undershaft. Clitherow had several children, but the branches in the male line became extinct, except the posterity of James Clitherow, the fourth son, who purchased in 1670 the manor of Burston, or Boston, near Brentford, Middlesex. Rachel, a daughter of Sir Christopher Clitherow, married Dr. William Paul, bishop of Oxford. Her lineal descendant, Sir Thomas Stapleton, succeeded in 1788 to the ancient barony of Despencer.
[Wills of Sir Christopher Clitherow and his son Christopher; Records of the Corporation of London; State Papers, Colonial and Domestic Series; Stow's History of London; Lysons's Environs; Rymer's Fœdera; Clutterbuck's Hertfordshire; Faulkner's History of Brentford; Metcalfe's Book of Knights; Charity Commissioners' Reports; Trollope's History of Christ's Hospital; Reports of Historical Manuscripts Commission; Morant's Essex; Foster's Peerage, &c.]
CLITHEROW, MARGARET (d. 1586), the 'martyr of York,' was the daughter of Thomas Middleton, citizen of York and wax-chandler, who served the office of sheriff in 1564-5. On 1 July 1571 she was married to John Clitherow, butcher. He was a well-to-do man, and was afterwards chosen a chamberlain of the city, thus becoming entitled, ex officio, to the appellation of gentleman. Although John Clitherow was not a Roman catholic, his brother William was a priest, and it is probable that 'Thomas Clitherow of York, draper,' who was in the castle for his religion in 1600, was another brother. In 1574 Margaret Clitherow embraced the catholic faith, and on account of her zeal and constancy in it she was separated from her husband and children and cast into prison, sometimes for the space of two years together, and sometimes for an even longer period. On 10 March 1585-6 she was arraigned at York before Judges Clinch and Rhodes, with whom several members of the council sat on the bench as assessors. The indictment charged her with having harboured and maintained Jesuit and seminary priests and with having heard mass. As she refused to plead she was sent back to prison that night, where she was visited by a puritan preacher named Wigginton. The next day she was again brought into court and was urged to plead, but as she persisted in her refusal she was threatened with the 'peine forte et dure.' Wigginton in vain interceded for her, telling the judge that he might condemn her to it by the queen's law, but not by the law of God. Clinch then pronounced the terrible sentence upon her, which was carried into execution on New Year's day (25 March 1586) in the Tolbooth, six or seven yards distant from the prison. 'She was in dying a quarter of an hour.'
Her sons, Henry and William, went abroad to study for the priesthood, the one to Rome and the other to Rheims. Anne, her daughter, became a nun in St. Ursula's convent at Louvain.
John Mush, a secular priest and her spiritual director, wrote her life, which was edited by William Nicholson of Thelwall Hall, Cheshire, from a contemporary manuscript in the possession of Peter Middleton of Stockeld Park, Yorkshire (London, 1849, 12mo, with portrait). More recently it has been edited by Father John Morris for his ' Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers ' (3rd series, 1877), pp. 331-440. Other manu- script copies of the life are preserved at St. Mary's Convent, York, and at Oscott.
[Life, by Mush; Challoner's Missionary Priests (1803), i. 101; Foley's Records, vi. 183; Gillow's Bibl. Dict. i. 517; Notes and Queries, 6th series, v. 23; Twyford and Griffiths's Records of York Castle, p. 200; Twyford's York and York Castle, pp. 210, 282; Life by Lætitia Selwyn Oliver, 1886; Hist. MSS. Comm. 9th Rep. 90 a.]
CLIVE, CAROLINE (1801–1873), authoress, was the second daughter and coheiress of Edmund Meysey-Wigley of Shakenhurst, Worcestershire, sometime M.P. for Worcester, and his wife, Anna Maria, the only surviving daughter of Charles Watkins Meysey. She was born at Brompton Grove, London, on 24 June 1801, and on 10 Nov. 1840 was married to the Rev. Archer Clive, the eldest surviving son of Edward Bolton Clive, for many years M.P. for Hereford. She died on 13 July 1873 from the result of an accident, which set fire to her dress while writing in her boudoir at Whitfield in Herefordshire, surrounded by her books and papers. She had for some years previously been a confirmed invalid. Mrs. Clive left two children Charles Meysey Bolton Clive, who succeeded
