the longitude at sea, but his machinery proved a failure.
Graham wrote: 1. ‘The Worth of the Soul,’ Newcastle, 1772. 2. ‘Four Discourses on Public Vows,’ Glasgow, 1778. 3. ‘A Candid Vindication of the Secession Church,’ Newcastle, 1790. 4. ‘A Review of Ecclesiastical Establishments in Europe,’ Glasgow, 1792; 2nd edit., with alterations and amendments, London, 1796. An abridged edition was twice published, Exeter, 1816, and London, 1821. 5. ‘An Essay … to remove certain Scruples respecting … Missionary Societies, especially that of London,’ Newcastle, 1797. He also edited ‘The Holy Bible with short Illustrations,’ 1802. Three sermons of his were printed 1780, 1796, 1820. His friend, the Rev. John Baillie, wrote an elegy on him appended to a ‘Funeral Sermon,’ &c., Newcastle, 1802.
[E. Mackenzie's Newcastle, i. 393; M'Kerrow's Hist. of the Secession Church, pp. 899–901; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
GRAHAM, WILLIAM, D.D. (1810–1883), Irish presbyterian divine, the youngest of seven children of a small farmer at Clough, co. Antrim, was born there in 1810. A school in the neighbourhood gave him his early education, and his college training was obtained at the Belfast Academical Institution. Having received license, he was sent on missionary service to the west of Ireland. In 1836 he was ordained as minister of Dundonald, near Belfast, and proved himself so faithful and zealous that in 1842 he was appointed by the general assembly one of its first missionaries to the Jews. In this capacity he was stationed first at Damascus, then at Hamburg, and finally at Bonn, where he built a church and laboured diligently for thirty years. In 1883 he resigned, and on 11 Dec. of that year died at Belfast. He wrote several able works, the chief of which are: 1. ‘A Commentary on the Epistle to the Ephesians.’ 2. ‘The Spirit of Love, a Commentary on the First Epistle of John.’ 3. ‘A Commentary on the Epistle to Titus.’ 4. ‘On Spiritualising Scripture, or the Confessions of a Millenarian.’ 5. ‘An Appeal to Israel’ (written in four languages). 6. ‘The Jordan and the Rhine,’ London, 1854.
[Obituary notices; personal knowledge.]
GRAHAM-GILBERT, JOHN (1794–1866), painter, was born in Glasgow in 1794. He was the son of a West India merchant named Graham, and began life in his father's counting-house, but eventually devoted himself to art in defiance of his father. In 1818 he came to London and was admitted into the schools of the Royal Academy, where in 1819 he gained the first silver medal for the best drawing from the antique, and in 1821 the gold medal for historical painting, the subject being ‘The Prodigal Son.’ He had by this time established himself in London as a portrait-painter, and he contributed fancy subjects and portraits to the exhibitions of the Royal Academy from 1820 to 1823. He then went to Italy, where he spent two years in studying the old masters, especially those of the Venetian school. He was in Rome in 1826, but returned home not later than 1827, for in that year he settled in Edinburgh, and sent a portrait to the first exhibition of the Royal Scottish Academy. On the union of the associates of the Royal Institution for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts in Scotland with the Royal Scottish Academy in 1829, he became an academician. In 1834 he married Miss Gilbert of Yorkhill, a lady of large fortune, when he assumed the additional name of Gilbert, and removed to Glasgow. During the whole of his career he was a constant exhibitor at the Royal Scottish Academy, and between 1844 and 1864 he exhibited occasionally at the Royal Academy in London, sending in 1844 ‘The Pear-Tree Well’ and a portrait; in 1845, ‘Females at a Fountain;’ in 1846, ‘Christ in the Garden;’ in 1848, a portrait of John Gibson, R.A.; in 1853, ‘The Young Mother;’ in 1856, a full-length of Sir John Watson Gordon, R.A., P.R.S.A.; in 1857, a portrait of John Burns, M.D.; and in 1864, ‘A Roman Girl.’ On the death of Sir John Watson Gordon in 1864 he was defeated in the contest for the presidency of the Royal Scottish Academy only by the casting vote of the chairman, Charles Lees, R.S.A., which was given for Sir George Harvey. His last contribution to the Royal Scottish Academy was a portrait of Charles Lawson, lord provost of Edinburgh, exhibited in 1866. He died of heart disease at Yorkhill, his residence on the Clyde, near Glasgow, on 4 June 1866. His works display the rich warm tones of the old Venetian masters, and many of his fancy portraits of Roman girls are very beautiful, although too often repetitions of the same model. He was very successful in his portraits of ladies.
The National Gallery of Scotland possesses the following pictures by Graham-Gilbert: The full-length portrait of Sir John Watson Gordon, R.A., P.R.S.A., painted in 1856; the portrait of John Gibson, R.A., painted in 1848; ‘An Italian Nobleman;’ and ‘The Bandit's Bride,’ his last work. In the National Portrait Gallery in London is
