substitute for it a popular and singularly injudicious treatise, which brought upon him the censure of the Royal College of Surgeons on 10 Jan. 1889.
If it had not been for this episode in his career, Mackenzie would have been remembered as an able practitioner in a special department of medicine, endowed with great mechanical skill and power of invention. He was rewarded for his services at Berlin with the distinction of knight bachelor, conferred upon him in September 1887; and the Emperor Frederick decorated him, during the course of his illness, with the grand cross of the Hohenzollern order.
Mackenzie lived in Harley Street, London, and there died on 3 Feb. 1892. He is buried in the graveyard of St. Mary's Church at Wargrave in Berkshire. He married in 1863 Margaret, daughter of John Bouch of Bickley Park, Kent, and left issue.
Portraits appeared in 'Contemporary Medical Men,' vol. li. Leicester, 1888, and in the 'Journal of Laryngology,' vol. vi. Mackenzie published: 'Manual of Diseases of the Throat and Nose,' 2 vols. 8vo, London ; vol. i. 1880; vol. ii. 1884. A most comprehensive work, excellently written ; it is the standard text-book on the subject, and has been translated into German and French. Minor works are : 1. 'Treatment of Hoarseness and Loss of Voice,' 12mo, London, 1863; 2nd edit. 8vo, 1868; 3rd edit. 1871. 2. 'On the Pathology and Treatment of Diseases of the Larynx,' Jacksonian prize essay, the manuscript of which is preserved in the library of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, bound in three volumes with an appendix. The drawings which accompany the essay are some of the first representations of the human larynx as it appears during life. 3. 'Use of the Laryngoscope,' 8vo, London, 1865; 2nd edit. 1866; 3rd edit. 1871. 4. 'Essays on Growths in the Larynx,' 8vo, London, 1874. 5. 'Diphtheria, its Nature and Treatment,' 8vo, 1879. 6. 'Hay Fever and Paroxvsmal Sneezing,' London, 8vo, 1884; 6th edit. 1887. 7. 'Hygiene of the Vocal Organs,' London, 12mo, 1886. 8. ' The Fatal Illness of Frederick the Noble,' London, 8vo, 1888. 9. 'Essays,' with portrait, London, 1893.
[Obituary notices in the Journal of Laryngology 1892, vi. 95-108; Internal Centralblatt Sir Laryngologie, Rhinologie u.s.w. Marz, 1892, 8. 411-17; the English medical journals for February 1 892. There is an impartial resume of the German controversy in the Times of 16 Oct. 1888, p. 6. Information kindly supplied by the Rev. H. R. Haweis, M.A., who is preparing a biography.]
McKENZIE, MURDOCH, the elder (d. 1797), hydrographer, possibly the grandson of Murdoch Mackenzie (1600-1688), bishop of Orkney, was descended from a younger branch of the Gairloch family (Keith, Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops). He was employed before 1749 in surveying the Orkney and Shetland Islands for the admiralty and the East India Company. In 1749 he laid a paper on 'The State of the Tides in Orkney' before the 'Royal Society (Phil. Trans.), and in 1750 published 'Orcades : or a Geographical and Hydrographical Survey of the Orkney and Lewis Islands' (fol.) with charts. In 1752 he was sent in the Culloden sloop, in company with Captain Rodney, to examine a new and, as it proved, imaginary island, which had been reported as seen in long. 24° 30' west of the Lizard (Hannay, Rodney, p. 29; Naval Chronicle, i. 367). He was afterwards definitely employed as surveyor of the admiralty, and surveyed with compass the north coast of Ireland and the west coast of Scotland, the results of which were published in 1776 as 'Nautical Description of the West Coast of Great Britain from Bristol Channel to Cape Wrath,' and 'Nautical Description of the Coast of Ireland,' both in folio. He also published in 1760 'A Chart of the Atlantic Ocean,' on a large scale, drawn on the circular projection which he invented. In 1771 he was succeeded in his office of admiralty surveyor by his nephew, Murdoch McKenzie the younger [q. v.], and seems to have retired from the active duties of his profession, though in 1774 he brought out 'A Treatise on Marine Surveying,' 4to; a second edition of which, in 1819, was edited by James Horsburgh [q.v.] In May 1774 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. His certificate, which describes him as 'of Hampstead,' and 'well acquainted with mathematical and philosophical learning,' was signed by Sir Joseph Banks, Solander, Thomas Pennant, and others. He withdrew from the society in 1796, probably on account of his advanced age. He died in the following year, and was buried at Minehead in Somerset on 16 Oct. (information from the vicar of Minehead). McKenzie's work, carried out with very inadequate means and with undue haste, to gratify the admiralty's demand for quantity in preference to quality, was of the nature of rough examination rather than of accurate survey ; but his 'Treatise on Marine Surveying ' is still esteemed.
[Dawson's Memoirs of Hydrography, i. 3 ; Brit. Mot. Cat. ; information from the Royal Society ; Watt's Bibl. Brit.]
