master, said that I hadn't. But, in spite of my resistance, she pulled aside my shirt and saw my blackened arms and weal-marked shoulders.
As in ecclesiastical schools, so also in monasteries and convents was flogging in vogue. A rule of St. Cesaire d'Arles, dating from the year 508, stipulates the punishment of flagellation for unruly nuns.
St. Benoit, the restorer of monastic discipline in France, who began his reform in the eight century, prescribed excessive fasts and harsh and bloody flagellations, even for children. If a brother, after having been often checked, neglects to correct himself, he must be punished with strokes. If anyone soils or damages the monastery fitments, he is to be checked and punished according to rule, if he does not mend. If a monk is found with anything claimed as his own property, it is to be taken from him up to two times; if he does not correct himself, he is to be severely punished. If anyone violates the rule of silence, he shall be severely chastised, likewise he who receives books or presents; who reports what he has seen or heard during a voyage; he who takes upon himself to publicly repri-
