for thirteen years. In such minor matters as arrangement of notes and verification of citations the court found against Dana, but in the main Dana’s notes were vastly different from Lawrence’s. In 1865 Dana declined an appointment as a United States district judge. During the Reconstruction period he favoured the congressional plan rather than that of President Johnson, and on this account resigned the district-attorneyship. In 1867–1868 he was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and in 1867 was retained with William M. Evarts to prosecute Jefferson Davis, whose admission to bail he counselled. In 1877 he was one of the counsel for the United States before the commission which in accordance with the treaty of Washington met at Halifax, N.S., to arbitrate the fisheries question between the United States and Great Britain. In 1878 he gave up his law practice and devoted the rest of his life to study and travel. He died in Rome, Italy, on the 9th of January 1882.
See Charles Francis Adams, Richard Henry Dana: a Biography (2 vols., Boston, Mass., 1891).
DANA, JAMES DWIGHT (1813–1895), American geologist,
mineralogist and zoologist, was born in Utica, New York, on
the 12th of February 1813. He early displayed a taste for science,
which had been fostered by Fay Edgerton, a teacher in the Utica
high school, and in 1830 he entered Yale College, in order to
study under Benjamin Silliman the elder. Graduating in 1833,
for the next two years he was teacher of mathematics to midshipmen
in the navy, and sailed to the Mediterranean while engaged
in his duties. In 1836–1837 he was assistant to Professor Silliman
in the chemical laboratory at Yale, and then, for four years, acted
as mineralogist and geologist of a United States exploring expedition,
commanded by Captain Charles Wilkes, in the Pacific
ocean (see Wilkes, Charles). His labours in preparing the
reports of his explorations occupied parts of thirteen years after
his return to America in 1842. In 1844 he again became a resident
of New Haven, married the daughter of Professor Silliman,
and in 1850, on the resignation of the latter, was appointed
Silliman Professor of Natural History and Geology in Yale
College, a position which he held till 1892. In 1846 he became
joint editor and during the later years of his life he was chief
editor of the American Journal of Science and Arts (founded
in 1818 by Benjamin Silliman), to which he was a constant
contributor, principally of articles on geology and mineralogy.
A bibliographical list of his writings shows 214 titles of books
and papers, beginning in 1835 with a paper on the conditions
of Vesuvius in 1834, and ending with the fourth revised edition
(finished in February 1895) of his Manual of Geology. His
reports on Zoophytes, on the Geology of the Pacific Area, and on
Crustacea, summarizing his work on the Wilkes expedition,
appeared in 1846, 1849 and 1852–1854, in quarto volumes, with
copiously illustrated atlases; but as these were issued in small
numbers, his reputation more largely rests upon his System of
Mineralogy (1837 and many later editions in 1892); Manual
of Geology (1862; ed. 4, 1895); Manual of Mineralogy (1848),
afterwards entitled Manual of Mineralogy and Lithology (ed. 4,
1887); and Corals and Coral Islands (1872; ed. 2, 1890). In
1887 Dana revisited the Hawaiian Islands, and the results of his
further investigations were published in a quarto volume in 1890,
entitled Characteristics of Volcanoes. By the Royal Society of
London he was awarded the Copley medal in 1877; and by
the Geological Society the Wollaston medal in 1874. His powers
of work were extraordinary, and in his 82nd year he was occupied
in preparing a new edition of his Manual of Geology, the 4th
edition being issued in 1895. He died on the 14th of April 1895.
His son Edward Salisbury Dana, born at New Haven on the 16th of November 1849, is author of A Textbook of Mineralogy (1877; new ed. 1898) and a Text Book of Elementary Mechanics (1881). In 1879–80 he was professor of natural philosophy and then became professor of physics at Yale.
See Life of J. D. Dana, by Daniel C. Gilman (1899).
DANAE, in Greek legend, daughter of Acrisius, king of Argos.
Her father, having been warned by an oracle that she would bear
a son by whom he would be slain, confined Danae in a brazen
tower. But Zeus descended to her in a shower of gold, and she
gave birth to Perseus, whereupon Acrisius placed her and her
infant in a wooden box and threw them into the sea. They were
finally driven ashore on the island of Seriphus, where they were
picked up by a fisherman named Dictys. His brother Polydectes,
who was king of the island, fell in love with Danae and married
her. According to another story, her son Perseus, on his return
with the head of Medusa, finding his mother persecuted by
Polydectes, turned him into stone, and took Danae back with him
to Argos. Latin legend represented her as landing on the coast
of Latium and marrying Pilumnus or Picumnus, from whom
Turnus, king of the Rutulians, was descended. Danae formed
the subject of tragedies by Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides,
Livius Andronicus and Naevius. She is the personification of
the earth suffering from drought, on which the fertilizing rain
descends from heaven.
Apollodorus ii. 4; Sophocles, Antigone, 944; Horace, Odes, iii. 16; Virgil, Aeneid, vii. 410. See also P. Schwarz, De Fabula Danaeia (1881).
DANAO, a town of the province of Cebú, island of Cebú,
Philippine Islands, on the E. coast, at the mouth of the Danao
river, 17 m. N.N.E. of Cebú, the capital. Pop. (1903) 16,173.
Danao has a comparatively cool and healthy climate, is the
centre of a rich agricultural region producing rice, Indian corn,
sugar, copra and cacao, and coal is mined in the vicinity. The
language is Cebú-Visayan.
DANAUS, in Greek legend, son of Belus, king of Egypt, and
twin-brother of Aegyptus. He was born at Chemmis (Panopolis)
in Egypt, but having been driven out by his brother he fled with his
fifty daughters to Argos, the home of his ancestress Io. Here he
became king and taught the inhabitants of the country to dig
wells. In the meantime the fifty sons of Aegyptus arrived in
Argos, and Danaus was obliged to consent to their marriage
with his daughters. But to each of these he gave a knife with
injunctions to slay her husband on the marriage night. They all
obeyed except Hyperm(n)estra, who spared Lynceus. She was
brought to trial by her father, acquitted and afterwards married
to her lover. Being unable to find suitors for the other daughters,
Danaus offered them in marriage to the youths of the district
who proved themselves victorious in racing contests (Pindar,
Pythia, ix. 117). According to another story, Lynceus slew
Danaus and his daughters and seized the throne of Argos (schol.
on Euripides, Hecuba, 886). By way of expiation for their crime
the Danaïdes were condemned to the endless task of filling with
water a vessel which had no bottom. This punishment, originally
inflicted on those who neglected certain mystic rites, was transferred
to those who, like the Danaïdes, despised the mystic rite
of marriage; cf. the water-bearing figure (λουτροφόρος) on the
grave of unmarried persons. The murder of the sons of Aegyptus
by their wives is supposed to represent the drying up of the rivers
and springs of Argolis in summer by the agency of the nymphs.
Apollodorus ii. 1; Horace, Odes, iii. 11; O. Waser, in Archiv für Religionswissenschaft, ii. Heft 1, 1899; articles in Pauly-Wissowa’s Realencyclopädie and W. H. Roscher’s Lexikon der Mythologie; Campbell Bonner, in Harvard Studies, xiii. (1902).
DANBURITE, a rare mineral species consisting of calcium and boron orthosilicate, CaB2(SiO4)2, crystallizing in the orthorhombic
system. It was discovered by C. U. Shepard in 1839 at Danbury, Connecticut, U.S.A., and named by him after this locality. The crystals are prismatic in habit, and closely resemble topaz in form and interfacial angles. There is an imperfect
cleavage parallel to the basal plane. Crystals are
transparent to translucent, and colourless to pale yellow;
hardness 7; specific gravity 3.0. At Danbury the mineral occurs
with microcline and oligoclase embedded in dolomite. Large
crystals, reaching 4 in. in length, have been found with calcite in
veins traversing granite at Russell in St Lawrence county, New
York. Smaller but well-developed crystals have been found on
gneiss at Mt. Scopi and Petersthal (the valley of the Vals Rhine)
in Switzerland. Splendid crystals have recently been obtained
from Japan.
DANBURY, a city and one of the county-seats of Fairfield
county, Connecticut, U.S.A., in Danbury township, in the
