Warsaw, univ. obs., lat. +52° 13' 5-7", long. 1 h. 24 m. 7-3 s. E.
Erected in 1820-1824; meridian circle by Reichenbach; 6-in. refr.
by Merz.
Moscow, univ. obs., lat. -l-55° 45' 19-8", long. 2 h. 30 m. 17-0 s. E. An obs. was built in 1825-1832; the present building was erected about 1850; 10-7-in. refr by Merz; a meridian circle by Repsold of 5-3-in. ap.; 15%-in. vis.; and phot. refr. by Henry and Repsold. Kazan, univ. obs., lat. +55° 47' 24-2", long. 3 h. 16 m. 28-9 s. E. Founded in 1814, restored in 1842; 6%-in. refr. by Merz; meridian circle by Repsold. New obs. built 1899, lat. -I-55° 50' 20-o", long. 3 h. 15 m. 16-5 s. E., for Engelhardt's instruments (see Dresden). Kharkov, univ. obs., lat. +5o° 0' 9-6", long. 2 h. 24 m. 55-8 s. E.; 6%-in. transit circle by Repsold.
Kiev, univ. obs., lat. +5o° 27' 1 1-8”, long.2 h. 2 m. 0-6 s E. Erected in the years 1840-1845; 9-in. refr. by Merz and Repsold; and a meridian circle.
Odessa, univ. obs., lat. -{-46° 28' 36-7”, long. 2 h. 3 m. 2-0 s. E.; 6% vis. and 6-in. phot. refr.-Odessa,
branch of Pulkowa obs., lat. -5-46° 28' 37~9", long. 2 h. 3 m. 2-2 s. E. Established 1898 for obs. of more southerly standard stars, with a 4-in. transit by F reiberg and a 4-in. vertical circle by Repsold. Nikolayev, naval obs., lat. +46° 58' 2I°8”, long. 2 h. 7 m. 53-8 s. E. Erected in 1824; meridian circle by Ertel of 4-lil., ap.; 9%-in. refr. by Repsold.
SWEDEN, NORWAY AND DENMARK
Stockholm, lat. +59° 20' 33-o", long. 1 h. 12 m. 14-0 s. E., is under the Academy of Sciences. Founded in 1750. Meridian circle by Ertel of 4%-in. ap.; 7%-in. vis. and 6%-in. phot. refr. by Repsold. Upsala, univ. obs., lat. -|~59° 51' 29'4”, long. 1 h. IO m. 3O'I s. E. Founded in 1730, but very little was done until the obs. acquired a 9-in. refr. by Steinheil, which was used by Schultz for micro metric obs. of nebulae. 13-in. phot. and 14-in. vis refr. by Steinheil. Lund, univ. obs., lat. -I-55° 41' 52-0", long. 0 h. 52 m. 45-0 s. E. Built in 1866; 9%-in. refr., 0.g. by Merz; meridian circle by Repsold of 65-in ap.
Christiania, univ. obs., lat. +59° 54' 44'O”, long. o h. 42 m. 53-6 s.E. Erected in 1831; meridian circle by Ertel of 4-in. ap.; 7-in. refr. by Ierz.
Copenhagen, univ. obs. Founded in 1641 on the top of a high tower, lat. -5-55° 40' 53-o", long. o h. 50 m. 19-8 s. E. The locality was so very unsuitable that O. R6mer (the inventor of the transit instrument and modern equat., d. 1710) established his own obs. at Vridlosemagle, at some distance from the city. A new obs. was erected in 1861, lat.-{~55°41' l2'Q', long. 0 h. 50 m.18-7s.E., furnished with a refr. by Merz of 11-in. ap., with which H. L. d'Arrest made obs. of nebulae, and a meridian circle by Pistor and Martins of 4%-in. ap. Later the refr. was replaced by a 14-in. vis. and 8-in. phot. refr. by Steinheil.
Copenhagen, Urania obs. (private), lat. -I-55° 41' 19-2", long. o h. 50 m. 9-1 s. E. Established 1898; 9%-in. refr. by Cooke. HOLLAND AND BELGIUM A
Leiden, univ. obs., lat. +52° 9' 20-o", long. 0 h. 17 m. 56-2 s. E. Founded already in 1632, but the instruments were always very small, and hardly any obs. were taken until F. Kaiser became director in 1837. In 1858-1860 a new obs. was erected and furnished with a 7-in. refr. by Merz, and a meridian circle by Pistor and Martins of 6-3-in. ap. Later a 10%-in. refr. by Clarke and Repsold has been erected.
Groningen, astron. laboratory of the univ., lat. -I-53° 13' 19-1”, long. 0 h. 26 m. 15-2 s. E. Established 1896; instruments for measuring celestial photographs.
Utrecht, univ. obs., lat. +52° 5' 9-5", long. O h. 20 m. 31-0 s. E. Erected in 1855; Io-in. refr. by Steinheil.
Brussels, royal obs., lat. -I-50° 51' 10-7, ” long. 0 h. 17 m. 28-6 s. E. Erected in 1829-1834. Had a transit instrument by Gambey and a mural circle by Troughton, but the institution was, while under the direction of L. A. j. Quetelet, chiefly devoted to physics and meteorology. In 1877 a 6-in. refr. by Merz was mounted, and a meridian circle by Repsold and a 15-in. refr. by Cooke provided. A new obs. was erected in 1891 at Uccle, lat. -I-50° 47' 55-5", long. 0 h. 17 m. 26-9 s. E., with the instruments from Brussels, a. 9-in. phot. refr. by Grubb, and a 13-in. phot. refr. by Gautier.
Liége, univ. obs., lat. +5o° 37' 6", long. 0 h. 22 m. 15-4 s. E.; 10-in. refr. and 7-in. transit circle by Cooke.
UNITED STATES
Albany (New York), Dudley obs. Erected in 1851-1856 by subscription, lat.-I-42° 39' 49'5”, long. 4 h. 54 mM59-2 s.W. Refr.by Fitz of 13-in. ap., meridian circle by Pistor and artins of 8-in. ap. New obs. erected 1893, lat. +42° 39' I2-7", long.4 h. 55 m. 6-8 s. W.; 12-in. refr. by Brashear.
Allegheny (Pa), lat. -i-40° 27' 41-6”, long. 5 h. 20 m. 2-9 s. W. Founded in 1859, transferred to the Western Univ. of Penn. (now Univ. of Pittsburgh) in 1867; 13-in. refr. by Fitz (improved by Clark), mounted in 1867; instruments for researches on solar energy. Amherst (Mass.), lat. +42° 21' 56-5", lon . h. 50 m. 5-9 s. W. Founded in 1857 as an annex to Amherst College; 7%-in. refr. by Clark. New building 1903; 18-in. refr. by Clark; 6%-in. transit circle by Pistor and Martins.
Ann Arbor (Michigan), lat. +42° 16' 48-8", long 5 h. 34 m. 55-2 s. W. Detroit obs. of the Univ. of Michigan; erected in 1854; meridian circle by Pistor and Martins of 6% in. ap.; 12%-in. refr. b Fitz. Berkeley (Cal.), Students' obs. of Univ. of Calil>6rnia, lat. -{-37° 52' 23-6”, lon .8 h. 9 m. 2-7 s. W.; 8-in. refr., Cambridge (Mass§ , Harvard College obs., lat. +42° 22' 47-6", long. 4 h. 44 m. 3I'O s. W. Erected in 1839. Refr. of 15-in. ap. by Merz, with which W. C. Bond discovered a satellite of Saturn (Hyperion) in 1848, employed by E. C. Pickering for extensive photometric obs. of fixed stars and satellites; a meridian circle by g rough ton and Simms of 8%-in. ap., mounted in 1870; I2-in. horizontal telescope for photometric obs. of faint stars, II-in. and 8-in. Draper refrs. for phot. work; 15-in. Draper refl.; 24-in. phot. doublet (Bruce telescope) with which the ninth and tenth satellites of Saturn have been discovered by W. H. Pickering. Branch obs. at Are uipa, Peru.
Charlottesville (Va.), obs. of Univ. of Virginia, lat. +38° 2' 1-2, " lon . 5 h. 14 m. 5-2 s. W. Founded 1882; 26-in. refr. by Clark. Chicago (Illinois), Dearborn obs., lat. -I-41° 51' I'0", long. 5 h. 50 m. 26-8 s. W. Attached to North-western Univ., founded in 1862; 18%-in. refr. by Clark; 6-in. meridian circle by Repsold. Obs. removed to Evanston (Ill.) in 1889, lat. +42° 3' 33-4", long. 5h. 50 m. 42'3 s.W. Cincinnati (Ohio). In 1842 an obs. was founded by subscription, lat. -i-39° 6' 26-5", long. 5 h. 37 m. 58-9 s. W., and furnished with a refr. of 11%-in. ap. by Merz. In 1873 the obs. was removed to a distance from the city, to Mount Lookout, lat. + 39° 8' 19-5”, long. 5 h. 37 m. 41-3 s. W.; 5-in. transit circle by Fauth. Clinton (New York), Litchfield obs. of Hamilton College, lat. +43° 3' 16-5", long. 5 h. 1 m. 37-4 s. W. Erected by subscription 1852-1855; refr. of 13% in. by Spencer, employed by C. H. F. Peters for construction of celestial charts, in the course of which work he discovered forty-one minor planets.
Columbia (Mo.), Laws obs. of Univ. of Missouri, lat.-I-38° 56' 51-7", long. 6 h. 9 m. 18-3 s. W. Founded 1853; 7§ ~in. refr. by Merz. Columbus (Ohio), State Univ. obs., lat. -I-40°0' 1", long. 5h. 32 m. IO s. W.; I2-in. refr. by Brashear and Warner & Swasey. Denver (Col.), Univ.of Denver obs., lat. -l-39° 40' 36”, l0ng.6 h. 59m. 7-6 s. W.; 5400 ft. above sea-level. Founded 1891; 20-in. refr. by Clark; 6-in. refr. by Grubb; 4-in. transit circle by Saegmiiller. Flagstaf (Arizona), private obs. of Percival Lowell, lat. +35° I2' 30-5", long. 7 h. 26 m. 44-6 s. W. 7300 ft. above sea-level. Erected 1894; 24-in. refr. by Clark; 6-in. vis. by Clark; and 5-in. phot. refr. by Brashear, all used chiefly on planets. Georgetown (District of C0lumbia), Georgetown Univ. 0bs., lat.-I-38° 54' 26-7", long. 5 h. 8 m. 18-3 s. W. Erected in 1844; 12-in. refr. by Clacey and Saegmiiller; 9-in. phot. transit instr.(1890)by Saegmiiller; 6-in. phot. zenith telescope by Brashear.
Glasgow (Missouri), Morrison obs., lat. -i-39° 16' I6-8", long. 6 h. II m. 18-I s. W. Founded in 1876; attached to Pritchett College; I2§ ~ll'1. refr. by Clark; meridian circle by Simms of 6-in. a . Hanover (New Hampshire), Shattuck obs. of Dartmoutii College, lat. +43° 42' 15-3", long. 4 h. 49 m. 7-9 s. W. Founded in 1853; 9%-in. refr. by Clark; meridian circle by Simms of 4-in. ap. Hastings (New York), Professor Henry Draper's obs., lat. +40° 59 25", long.4 h. 55 m. 29-7s. W. Built in 1860; 28-in.refl.by the owner, 11-in. refr. (with photo. lens) by Clark, both used up to the owner's death (1882) for celestial and spectrum photography. Haverford (Pa.), Haverford College obs., lat. -I-40° 0' 40'I", long. 5 h. 1 m. 12-7 s. W.; 10-in. refr. by Clark. I Madison (Wisconsin), /Vashburn obs., lat. -l-43° 4' 36-8", long. 5 h. 57 m.38-1 s.W. Erected at the expense of Governor Washburn in 1878; belongs to the Univ. of Wisconsin; meridian circle by Repsold of 4-8-in. ap.; 15%-in. refr. by Clark.
Mount Hamilton (Cal.), Lick obs. of the Univ. of California, lat. +37° 20' 25-6", long. 8 h. 6 m. 34-9 s. W., about 4250 ft. above sealevel. Erected in pursuance of the will of James Lick (1796-1876), opened in 1888; 36-in. refr. by Clark with 33-in. phot. lens, 12-in. refr. by Clark, 6%-in. transit circle by Repsold, 3-ft. s.g. refl. by Common, several phot. telescopes, a second 3-ft. s.g. retl. by Brashear with spectrograph. -The 5th satellite of Jupiter was discovered by E. E. Barnard in 1892 with the 36 in., and the 6th and 7th by C. D. Perrine on photos with the refl. in 1904-1905. Mount Wilson (Cal.). Solar obs. of the Carnegie Institution, lat. +34° 12' 59-5", long. 7h. 52 m. 14-3 s. W. Erected 1904; 60-in. rell.; “Snow telescope" with 30-in. coelostat and 24-in. concave mgrordwith large spectroheliograph. A 100-in. rell. has been or ere .
New Haven (Connecticut), Winchester obs. of Yale College, lat. -4-41°19' 22-3", long.4 h.51 m.4o-6 s. W. An obs. had existed since 1830, possessing a 9-in. refr. by Clark and a meridian circle by Ertel. In 1881 the obs. was rebuilt, and furnished with a 6-in. heliometer by Repsold, and an 8-in. refr. by Grubb.
New York, L. M. Rutherfurd's obs., lat. -l-40° 43' 48~5”, long. 4 h. 55 m. 56-6 s.W.; 13-in. refr. by Rutherfurd and Fitz, used for celestial photography. Presented to Columbia College in 1884. New obs. (Wilde), lat. +40° 45' 23-1", long. 4 h. 55 m. 5356 s. Northfield (Minnesota), Goodsell obs. of Carleton ollege, lat. -l-44° 27' 4I~6”, long. 6 h; 12 m. 35-8 s. W. Erected in 1878, enlarged 1887; 8%-in. refr. b Clark with phot. o.g.;16-in. refr. by Brashear; 4%-in. transit circle by Repsold.
