TABLE VIII. British Motor Vehicle Exports.
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1910 >
1915
1920
A.
Cars Chassis Parts*
1,380,190 213,378 1,012,835
1,129,717 186,691 557,869
3,929,455 2,474,877 1,986,410
Totals
2,606,403
1,874,277
8,390,742
- Exclusive of tires.
TABLE IX. French Motor-car Exports (value in francs).
1910
1913
1920
Great Britain .
65,521,000
55,871,000
265,599,000
Germany ....
12,734,000
21,029,000
10,361,000
Belgium . . . .
30,053,000
41,732,000
217,361,000
United States . . .
4,346,000
3,246,000
15,705,000
Argentina
9,290,000
17,565,000
17,313,000
Italy . .
5,092,000
5,949,000
22,649,000
Switzerland
4,460,000
4,866,000
36,533,000
Spain ....
2,355,000
6,960,000
218,949,000
Egypt ....
1,182,000
1,483,000
Mexico ....
1,956,000
2,253,000
Brazil . .
2,212,000
8,877,000
10,955,000
Russia ....
5,032,000
6,679,000
Holland . . . .
1,151,000
1,931,000
Austria . . . .
980,000
1,253,000
Denmark
1,049,000
2,964,000
Australia ....
1,142,000
1,255,000
Dutch Indies .
778,000
2,401,000
Other countries
4,667,000
14,582,000
138,475,000
French colonies
11,183,000
31,099,000
234,072,000
Totals . . .
165,183,000
231,995,000
1,187,972,000
MOTTL, FELIX (1856-1911), German conductor (see 18.931*), died July I 1911.
MOULE, HANDLEY CARR GLYN (1841-1920), English divine, was born at Dorchester Dec. 23 1841, the youngest son of the Rev. H. Moule, vicar of Fordington, Dorchester, a prominent Evangelical clergyman. He was educated at home, and later at Trinity College, Cambridge, where J. B. Lightfoot was his tutor. He was bracketed second classic in 1864, and in 1866 obtained a first-class in theology. From 1865 to 1867 he was an assistant master at Marlborough, and after a few years of a country curacy became dean of Trinity College (1873-6). In 1880 his position as a prominent Evangelical was recognized by his election as first principal of Ridley Hall, Cambridge, an establishment founded for post-graduate training for the ministry. Moule's influence in this position was very great, and he con- siderably widened his influence by the production of various religious works of a popular kind, among them being Thoughts on Christian Sanctity (1886) and The Secret of the Presence (1901). He also published a Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (1880) and Outlines of Christian Doctrine (1889). In 1899 Moule, who in 1898 had been made an hon. chaplain to Queen Victoria, was elected to the Norrisian professorship of divinity at Cambridge, but in 1901 he was chosen to succeed Westcott in the bishopric of Durham. He died at Cambridge May 8 1920.
His brothers, ARTHUR EVANS ' MOULE (1836-1918) and GEORGE EVANS MOULE (1828-1912), were both well known as missionaries in China, the former becoming archdeacon of Mid- China in 1 88 1, and the latter the first bishop of Mid-China (1880-1908).
MOULTON, JOHN FLETCHER MOULTON, BARON (1844-1921), English judge, was born at Madeley, Salop, Nov. i 1844. He was educated at New Kingswood school, Bath, and St. John's College, Cambridge, where he had a brilliant career, becoming in 1868 senior wrangler and first Smith's prizeman. Until 1873 he was a fellow of Christ's College, but in that year he came to London, and in 1874 was called to the bar. He became a Q.C. in 1885, and the same year entered Parliament as Liberal member for the Clapham division. He lost his seat in 1886, but from 1894 to 1895 sat for South Hackney and from 1898 to 1906 for the Launceston division of Cornwall. Fletcher Moulton earned a great reputation not only as a sound and skilful lawyer, but also as a mathematician and experimental chemist of a high order. He was retained as counsel in many important cases, e.g. questions of patent law, in which such special knowledge was necessary, and he was one of the first lawyers to perceive the enormous importance which chemistry was likely to assume in relation to various aspects of the law. He was raised to the bench of the Court of Appeal in 1906, being knighted and sworn of the Privy Council, and in 1912 was made a lord of appeal and a life peer, being also appointed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Lord Moulton's career as a judge was unfortu- nately marred by a painful family litigation against him. In 1875 he had married Mrs. Thomson, of Edinburgh, who already had a family of two sons and two daughters. She died in 1888, and in 1901 Lord Moulton married again. In 1902 his step-daughters, who had continued to live with him, took proceedings against him with reference to the manner in which the income to which they were entitled under their mother's will had been expended in connexion with the household expenses. The court eventu- ally gave judgment in their favour, after a good deal of scandal had been made over the affair. Lord Moulton became a mem- ber of many important legal and scientific committees, being appointed first chairman of the Medical Research Committee under the National Insurance Act (1912). On the outbreak of the World War in 1914 he became chairman of the Committees on Chemical Products and on High Explosives, and the same year was made director-general of explosive supplies in the Ministry of Munitions. In 1913 he was made a K.C.B. and in 1917 a G.B.E. It would be difficult to exaggerate the value of his work for the Government as a scientific adviser during the war, and in stimulating the industrial developments for the production of explosives, a chemical question involving, inter alia, the reorganization of the British dyeing industry. In this connexion he acted as chairman of the British Dyestuffs Corporation (see DYEING) when it was created in 1919; and his labours were actively continued after the war ended. He died suddenly in London March 9 1921, leaving one son by his first marriage, Hugh Lawrence.
MOUNET-SULLY, JEAN (1841-1916), French actor (see 18.936), died in Paris March i 1916.
See his Souvenirs d'un Tragedien (1917).
MOUNTED TROOPS (see 5.563; 18.939). Under the term " Mounted Troops " is here included, in the modern text-book senses: (a) Cavalry, mounted on horses and able to fight either mounted or on foot; (b) Mounted rifles, whose characteristics and methods are the same as those of cavalry, except that they are not equipped for mounted combat; (c) Mounted infantry, denoting infantry carried on horses or camels, employing infantry formations when dismounted, and probably insufficiently trained to perform satisfactorily cavalry duties such as reconnaissance; and (d) Cyclists.
In recent years the trend of cavalry ideas has, as regards tactics, undergone very considerable change. In the South African War of 1899-1902 hardly any instances of shock action by cavalry were seen; and in the years immediately following it a large body of military opinion in England was in favour of relinquishing altogether the idea of charging home with the sword or lance. This opinion was strengthened by the events of the Russo-Japanese War. A little later it was realized that the absence of shock action in S. Africa was due not so much to the power of the rifle and machine-gun as to the peculiar tactics of the Boers, who seldom stood their ground to await the British attack; it was found that, while instances of successful cavalry charges were rare, there was no case in which a mounted attack was prevented by fire from reaching its objective. It was further seen that in Manchuria the nature of the country and the quality of the mounted troops engaged alike were inimical to successful cavalry action.
The pendulum of opinion now swung in the direction of shock action, and for a year or two the training of the British cavalry showed a distinct bias in favour of the arme blanche. From 1909 onwards, however, thanks to the influence of, amongst others, Sir John French, Sir Douglas Haig, and Maj.-Gen. Allenby, the correct balance was struck between fire and shock, and ideas were crystallized into definite, well-understood principles. As the result it may fairly be claimed that, when the World War broke out in 1914, no more highly trained body of troops existed
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