JAMES OF HEREFORD, HENRY JAMES, 1ST BARON (1828- 1911), English lawyer and statesman (see 15.144), died at Epsom Aug. 18 1911.
JAMESON, SIR LEANDER STARR, BART. (1853-1917), British South African statesman (see 15.147). The union of the South African colonies in 1909 accomplished the main object which Jameson had set before himself as a political leader. He wished to carry the spirit of union further by forming a combination of political parties to support a non-racial Government for the new Union, regarded Gen. Botha as the natural leader of such a combination, and was completely ready to serve under him. This project of a " best man " Government, however, was not accepted by Botha, who thought that the Dutch-speaking people of South Africa were not ready for it. The alternative, to which Jameson then set himself, was the formation of a new party representing the majority of the English-speaking people in the Cape, the Transvaal, the Orange Free State and Natal. At a conference in Bloemfontein in 1910, before the first general elec- tion for the new South African Parliament took place, this project was carried out. Jameson presided over the conference with a patience, a tact and an insight which exhibited once more his remarkable gift for the ruling of men. The programme of the party thus formed known as the Unionist party of South Africa showed his influence in every clause. It repudiated opposition to the Botha Government for the mere sake of opposition, and promised the Prime Minister support in all measures designed to promote racial peace and material prosperity in South Africa. At the first South African general election in Sept. 1910 the Unionists fought on this programme with a considerable measure of success, especially in the Cape and Transvaal provinces. Natal, where the English-speaking people were in a great majority, withheld from Jameson and the Unionists the general support which it might have been expected to give, though the Unionists won a number of seats in that province. For two years Jameson led the Unionists in the South African House of Assembly with great moderation and self-restraint, but was compelled by ill health to retire from the leadership of the party in 1912. He returned to England and settled in London, devoting himself, when his health took a turn for the better, to business interests. He had an intimate knowledge of the affairs of the De Beers Corp. and of the British South African Co., commonly known as the Chartered Co. In June 1913 he became chairman of the Chartered Co., whose general meetings gave him, year by year, till his death in 1917, opportunities of proving in a new sphere his power of exercising a dominating influence over assemblies of men. When the war came in 1914 Jameson devoted himself to public work, leaving to members of the Government the choice of the sphere in which they thought he could be most useful. Meanwhile he had made more than one visit to Rhodesia as chairman of the Chartered Co., and the work which he did on behalf of the territory that he had helped to establish was recognized even by opponents of the policy of the Chartered Co. The war work which the Government chose for him was that of chairman of the Central Prisoners-of-War Committee, to which he devoted himself with all his remaining strength, organizing at the same time more than one private hospital overseas. Jameson's health had been precarious for years, and on Nov. 26 1917 he succumbed to a short illness. His name will stand very high among those of the men who did service to South Africa and Rhodesia. Diffident and utterly free from self-seeking, he was of those who make the least of their service to their country. But his labours for racial reconciliation and material prosperity in South Africa were conspicuous, and the close friendship of Botha was a final proof of the quality of his patriotism. It was, too, the measure of his stature as a man able beyond the recog- nition of most of his contemporaries, honest and plain-speaking, with a deep devotion to the most lofty ideals of public service. Jameson was created a K.C.M.G. on the inauguration of the Union in 1910 and a baronet in 1911. (B. K. L.)
JANEWAY, THEODORE CALDWELL (1872-1917), American physician, was born in New York City Nov. 2 1872, the son of Dr. Edward Gamaliel Janeway, a distinguished physician. He was educated at the Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University (Ph.B. 1892) and the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University (M.D. 1895). From 1898 to 1906 he taught medical diagnosis in New York University. In 1907 he became associate in medicine in Columbia and two years later professor of medicine. He was attending physician at St. Luke's Hospital and in 1911 became senior attending physician at the Presbyterian Hospital and head of the medical staff. In 1914 he was called to Johns Hopkins University to succeed Dr. William Osier as professor of medicine, and became physician-in-chief to Johns Hopkins Hospital. After America's entrance into the World War he became major in the Medical Officers' Reserve Corps and was engaged in research in Washington, D.C. He died at Baltimore, Md., Dec. 27 1917. He was secretary of the Russell Sage In- stitute of Pathology, a member of the board of scientific directors of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, and of the editorial board of the Archives of Internal Medicine. He was the author of The Clinical Study of Blood Pressure (1904).
JAPAN (see 15.156). The first national census in Japan took place on Oct. 1 1920; prior to that date only the figures prepared by the local registrars and police authorities were available. Table 1 gives the census figures for Japan proper, Formosa and Japanese Sakhalin, together with those obtained for Korea from the local registrars' records. The figures for Japan proper (area, Table I. Population, 1920
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JAPAN, Proper . TAIWAN (Formosa) . KARAOFUTO (Japanese Sakhalin) . CHOSEN (Korea)
Total . . .
Households
Population
Total
11,222,053 690,000
22,087 3,297,285
Male
28,042,995
1,894,141
62,241 8,923,060
Female 27,918,145
1,760,257
43,524 8,361,147
55,961,140 3.654,398
105,765 17,284,207
15,231,425
38,922,437
38,083,073
77,005,510
148,756 sq. m.) show that she ranks sixth in pop. of the coun- tries of the world, the first five being China, India, Russia, the United States and Germany. With regard to the density of pop., Japan (3 76 per sq. m.) ranks third, immediately following Belgium (658) and the Netherlands (536), and above Great Britain (374).
The ratio between men and women of the whole pop. is 100-4 to 100, the number of men being 28,042,995 and that of women 27,918,- 145. The larger number of men is recorded in the district of Tokyo and Hokkaido (112 men to 100 women) and other II prefectures, whilst there are 3 prefectures in which the ratio is balanced and 31 prefectures in which the number of women exceeds that of men, the prefectures of Shiga, Kagoshima, and Okinawa (the Luchu Is.) showing the lowest figures for men (93 men to 100 women). The higher proportion of men is accounted for either by the inclusion of a large city, with its commercial and industrial activities, or of a military barrack or a silver-, copper- or coal-mine. Women are generally found to be more numerous in the provincial districts, for it is oftener men than women who migrate to large cities or even abroad in quest of knowledge or fortune.
Cities and the Country. Table 2 gives the census figures for 16 cities with a pop. numbering more than 100,000 souls. Table 2. Principal Cities, 1920
House-
holds
Male
Female
Total
Tokyo
456,820
1,171,180
1,001,982
2.173,162
Osaka .
276,331
673,636
579,336
1,252.972
Kobe .
138,986
324,037
284,591
608,628
Kyoto
128,892
299,689
291,616
591,305
Nagoya
92,426
220,276
209,714
429,990
Yokohama
95,241
224,050
198,892
422,942
Nagasaki
37,036
90,897
85,657
176,554
Hiroshima
34,553
83,337
77,i67
160,504
Hakodate
29,155
75,647
69,093
144,740
Kure .
28,268
73,754
56,600
130,354
Kanazawa
29,287
62,842
66,478
129,320
Sendai
21,861
62,529
56,449
118,978
Otaru .
21,275
56,406
51,707
108,113
Sapporo
20,038
53,oii
49,560
102,571
Kagoshima
19,942
49.191
53,205
102,396
Yawata
22,322
56,373
43,854
100,227
There are 25 cities with a pop. of from 50,000 to 100,000; 34 with from 30,000 to 50,000, and eight with less than 30,000.
