The U.S. Shipping Board has allotted many of its best vessels to various companies for service on the Pacific. The " Wenatchee " and " Creole State " are typical of the 535-ft. vessels so appropri- ated. These vessels are 535 ft. overall, 516 ft. between perpendicu- lars, with a beam of 72 ft., and moulded depth 27-8 ft., and to "A" deck 50 ft.; about 14,000 tons gross. When loaded to a draught of 30-6 ft. their total dead-weight is 10,000 tons, and total displace- ment 21,250 tons. They have accommodation for 257 first-class and 300 second-class passengers, besides 200 of ship's company. They can also carry 6,700 tons of cargo, and can maintain 17 J knots for long distances, having obtained over 19 knots in some cases on trial. They are fitted with water-tube boilers 265 lb., and 75 superheat. Westinghouse double-flow type turbines are fitted, run at 3,650 revolutions, with double reduction gearing, to drive two propellers at no revolutions. The smaller vessels of the same type are 522 ft. overall, 502 ft. between perpendiculars; breadth 62 ft. and depth to " A " deck 42 ft. They only carry 78 passengers, but they can take another 1,000 tons of cargo. They are fitted with cylindrical boilers 220 lb., and two sets of four-cylinder triple expan- sion engines giving 6,000 H.P. for 14 knots at 105 revolutions.
For service between Europe and Australia, via The Cape, the " Ceramic," of 18,481 tons and 17 knots, triple screw, of the White Star line, was the finest and largest vessel running in 1921. She was built by Harland & Wolff in 1913, and can carry 19,590 tons cargo, and bunkers, at a sea speed of 17 knots, with a maximum of l8| knots. For the India and Australia service of the P. & O., a new series of " N " class of steamers was being built. The first of these " Naldera," 15,825 tons, was built by Caird, and used by the Government during the war. " Narkunda," 16,118 tons, was the first liner to be completed by Harland & Wolff at Belfast after the war. These are vessels of 18} knots speed. For the India service direct a new series " M " class was being built. Typical of these is the " Mongolia," built by Armstrong, 550 ft. x 72 ft. x 42-3 ft. When loaded to a draught of 30 ft. they will have a displacement of 24,500 tons, and 15,550 tons gross, and carry a dead-weight of about 13,000 tons. They can carry over 400 first- and second-class passengers, and of seven cargo-holds two are insulated. Two later vessels " Maloja " and " Mopltan " are 20,700 tons gross.
The Cunard Co. has also built a number of vessels of the " Auso- nia " type for the Cape and Australia services. These vessels are 519 ft. x 65-3 ft. x 43 ft., and 13,000 tons gross at a draught of 29-6 feet. Their displacement is 20,420 tons with a dead-weight of 10,120. Geared turbines of 8,500 H.P. are fitted for a speed of 15 knots. They can carry over 500 cabin passengers and about 1,200 third- class. The " Ausonia " is remarkable, as making a record of 1,000 ships built by Messrs. Armstrong, of a total of 3,000,000 tons. Of these, 800 were merchant ships and 200 were warships.
The Australian Government was in 1921 providing itself with seven liners of 12,500 tons, 15 knots full speed, built on the Isher- wood longitudinal system. The " Largs Bay," built by Messrs. Beardmore, may be taken as typical of all five. She is 530 ft. long, breadth 68-3 ft., depth 39-8 ft., 12,500 tons gross tonnage, and can carry 12,000 tons dead-weight at a draught of 29 ft. 9 in. and dis- placement 23,120 tons. She can carry 730 third-class and about a dozen first-class passengers. Machinery, of 9,000 S.H.P. on two shafts, is provided for a speed of 15 knots; Parsons' geared turbines are fitted in two complete sets. The h.p. turbines run at 3,200 revolutions, and l.p. turbines at 2,100. They are independently connected to the shafts by double reduction gearing 35-5 to I, and 23-4 to I respectively, giving a speed of propellers of 90 revolutions per minute, and on each ship astern turbines are provided equal to 60 to 65 % of the full power ahead.
South Africa. For the direct service to the Cape the Union Castle line added the " Balmoral Castle," of 13,361 tons, of 18 knots maxi- mum speed, in 1911. Two very fine vessels had in 1921 been recently added: the " Arundel Castle," and "Windsor Castle," 650 ft. x 72 ft., and of 19,000 tons gross. They were the first four-funnelled ships on the Cape line, and were fitted with 15,000 H.P., and single reduction gear, to two shafts, for a sea speed of 17 knots. They could carry 273 first-, 224 second- and 566 third-class passengers, besides the crew of 400, and a large cargo, the total dead-weight being 14,000 tons.
Coast and Channel Steamers, etc. The finest recent vessels of these types have been built in America. Two remarkable vessels, the " Great Northern " and " Northern Pacific," built by Cramp in 1915 for service between San Francisco and Astoria, are 8,255 tons gross and 24 knots speed. They are 500 ft. x 63 ft. x 50-5 ft., moulded, to promenade deck. When loaded to 2l-ft. draught they have dead-weight of 2,185 tons and displacement of 9,700. They carry 550 first-class passengers and 316 second and third-class passengers. They are fitted with 12 water tube boilers of the Mosher type, and Parsons turbines driving three screws, and giving 22,000 S.H.P. These were, perhaps, the finest vessels that had yet been built in the United States, though not the largest.
New Channel steamers have continued to be built in England, France and Belgium. The fastest steamer on the English Channel service in 1921 was the " Versailles," built in France and completed in 192 1 , 305 ft. long and 36 ft. in breadth ; she had obtained 25 knots on speed.
An important type of cross-channel steamer is the train ferry. During the war such vessels were used by England for the first time. These vessels are 363-5 ft. long, 61-5 ft. broad, draught 9 ft. forward and 10 ft. aft. They displace 3,654 tons, and have 12 knots speed. Two were built by Messrs. Armstrong and one by Messrs. Fair-
TABLE XVII. Particulars of Pacific, etc., Liners.
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Name
Tons gross
Speed knots
Owners
Date of
build
Dimensions Builders L. B. D.
Dead- weight Tons
Horse- power
^*- us
'
6 Z&
Type of machinery and makers
Steam pres- sure, lb.
" Wenatchee "
14,127
15
United States
1921
516-5 x 72-2x27-8
2
Steam turbines,
Shipping
New York S. B.
Westinghouse Electric &
Board.
Corp., N. J.
Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
" Aeolus " (ex
12,642
Hi
United States
1899
560-6x62-3x35-9
. .
1,016
2
Reciprocating,
. .
" Grosser
Shipping
F. Schichau,
N.H.P.
F. Schichau, Elbing.
Kurfiirst ")
Board.
Danzig.
" Arundel
19,600
18
Union Castle
1921
630-0x72-5x41-5
. .
. .
2
Steam turbines.
. .
Castle" . .
S.S. Co.
Harland &
Harland & Wolff.
Wolff. Belfast.
" Balmoral
Castle" . .
I3-36I
17*
Union Castle S.S. Co.
1910
570-0x64-5x38-9 Fairfield, Glas-
N^P 4
2
Reciprocating, Fairfield & Co.
220
gow.
" Ceramic".
18,481
17
White Star Line
1913
655-1x69-4x43-8
19,590
3
Reciprocating and I L.P.
. .
(Australian
Harland &
turbine,
Service).
Wolff, Belfast.
Harland & Wolff.
" Empress of Canada ".
22,000
22
Canadian Pacific Ocean Serv-
1920
627-0 x 77-7x42-0 Fairfield, Glas-
2
Steam turbines, Fairfield, Glasgow.
ices, Ltd.
gow.
" Empress of
Asia "
16,909
21
Canadian Pacific Ocean Serv-
J9I3
570-1 x 68-2 X42-O Fairfield, Glas-
9,135
- $?.
4
Steam turbines, Fairfield, Glasgow.
190
ices, Ltd.
gow.
" Niagara "
13,415
18
Union S. Ship- ping Co. of
1913
524-7x66-3x34-5 J. Brown, Clyde-
12,000
3
Reciprocating, J. Brown, Clydebank,
22O
New Zea-
bank, Glas-
Glasgow.
land, Ltd.
gow.
" Narkunda " .
16,118
i8J
P. & O. Line.
1920
581-4x69-4x27-7
1,428
2
Reciprocating,
Harland &
N.H.P.
Harland & Wolff.
Wolff, Belfast.
" Ausonia ".
13,050
15
Cunard S.S. Co.
1921
519-0x65-0x43-0
10,120
8,500
2
Parsons geared turbines,
22O
Armstrong,
Armstrong, Whitworth.
Whitworth &
Co., Newcastle
" Mongolia " .
15,550
I?
P. & O. Line.
1921
550-0x71-7x42-2 Armstrong,
13,000
13,000
2
Steam turbines, Armstrong, Whitworth.
Whitworth &
Co., Newcastle
XXXII. 15
