Yin's wife, and superintendent of the Imperial Factory at Soochow, to serve concurrently as salt controller at Yangchow with instructions to use his income of one year to defray Ts'ao's debts. Late in 1713, a little more than a year after Ts'ao Yin's death, his debt to the government as salt-controller at Yangchow, amounting to 549,620 taels, was paid. But as Li actually turned over to Ts'ao Yung more than 586,000 taels, the latter offered, in a memorial, to present the balance to the Emperor for his stables. The Emperor was considerate, however; and took for himself only six thousand taels, returning some thirty thousand taels to Ts'ao Yung to cover any "private debts" (私債) which Ts'ao Yin may have left unpaid. When Ts'ao Yung died, another sum which his father owed to the government, as superintendent of the factory, had still not been paid in full. Ts'ao Fu 曹頫, a cousin of Ts'ao Yung, and adopted son of Ts'ao Yin, succeeded to that office in 1715 and held it until 1728 when Emperor Shih-tsung ordered the confiscation of his property to pay this second debt to the government (see under Ts'ao Chan). Ts'ao Fu's father, Ts'ao I 曹宜 (T. 子猷), was the younger brother of Ts'ao Yin. He was known as a painter who at one time held the post of captain of a company in the Imperial Household Division of the Plain White Banner.
In addition to a son and an adopted son, Ts'ao Yin had a daughter who in 1706 married the son of a prince, and a year later gave birth to a son and heir to the princedom. This prince, reported as belonging to the Bordered Red Banner, was presumably a descendant of Yoto [q. v.], the first Prince K'o-ch'in, who was the original possessor of that Banner. Yoto's great-great-grandson, Nersu 訥爾蘇 (d. 1740), inherited, in 1701, the rank of a second-class princedom with the designation P'ing (平郡王), but it was taken from him in 1726 and given to his eldest son, Fu-p'êng (see under Fang Kuan-ch'êng). It seems likely that Fu-p'êng was the son-in-law of Ts'ao Yin.
Ts'ao Yin possessed a fine library of which a catalog, entitled Lien-t'ing shu-mu (書目), was published in the Bulletin of the National Library of Peiping (vols. 4 and 5). Part of the collection later belonged to Ch'ang-ling 昌齡 (T. 晉蘅, H. 堇齋, chin-shih of 1723), a son of Fu-nai (see under A-k'o-tun). Ch'ang-ling is designated as a nephew of Ts'ao Yin, thus indicating that Ts'ao's sister or cousin was Ch'ang-ling's mother. His library bore the name Ch'ien-i t'ang 謙益堂. In the Chia-ch'ing period (1796–1821) the family became poor and sold part of the collection to Chao-lien [q. v.].
[2/71/62a; 29/3/24a; 34/7/32a, 33a; see bibliography for Ts'ao Chan; Yeh Ch'ang-ch'ih (see under P'an Tsu-yin), Ts'ang-shu chi-shih shih (1910) 4/37a; Kiangnan t'ung-chih (1736) 105; Ssŭ-k'u, 116/8a, 134/1a, 183/13b; Tientsin Chihli Library Catalogue (1913) 27/8b; Wên-hsien ts'ung-pien (see bibl. under Dorgon) 9–12, 32–34, (1937) 1–4; Li Hsüan-po, "The Family of Ts'ao Hsüeh-ch'in, a New Study," 故宮周刊 Ku-kung chou-k'an, nos. 84, 85; Chiang Jui-tsao (see bibl. under Pi Yüan), Hsiao-shuo k'ao-chêng and supplement; Chekiang t'ung-chih (1684) 22/138a; Pa-ch'i Man-chou shih-tsu t'ung-p'u (see under Anfiyanggû) 74/8b; Academia Sinica, Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, vol. VI, part 3 (1936), p. 382; Chao-lien [q. v.], Hsiao-ting tsa-lu (1880), 6/4a; Shêng-yü [q. v.], Pa-ch'i wên-ching 57/10b.]
TS'ÊN Yü-ying 岑毓英 (T. 彥卿, H. 匡國), June 26, 1829–1889, June 6, official, was a native of Hsi-lin, Kwangsi. One of his ancestors, a military man, was sent in the middle of the eleventh century to command a garrison at Yung-ning 永寧 (present Nanning), Kwangsi. There he settled, and there his descendants became hereditary chieftains of the local aborigines. In the early Ming period another paternal ancestor was appointed hereditary chieftain of the aborigines at Shang-lin t'ung 上林峒, Kwangsi. In 1666 the chieftainship was abolished and the area under the family's control was changed into a district (hsien) with the name, Hsi-lin. Ts'ên Yü-ying's family lived in the district, in a fortress called Na-lao-chai 那勞寨. Although the family lost the chieftainship, it continued to be influential.
Ts'ên's father was a hsiu-ts'ai in the district school, and in 1845 Ts'ên Yü-ying himself became a hsiu-ts'ai. When Hung Hsiu-ch'üan [q. v.] rose in revolt in Kwangsi in 1850, the gentry was ordered to organize local militia to defend their homes. Ts'ên took command of such a force and, with it, quelled several uprisings of local bandits. In 1853 he was rewarded with the rank of an assistant district magistrate.
In 1855 a Mohammedan rebellion broke out in Yunnan; it lasted seventeen years, and provided Ts'ên with the opportunity to display his abilities and to advance in officialdom. The Moslems of Yunnan, a very strong minority, had for many years been dissatisfied with the
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