(H. 谷園荷鋤, 古香閣主人, posthumous name 懿, 1663–1709), and then by Margun's son, Hua-ch'i 華玘 (posthumous name 節, d. 1719). Hua-ch'i died without heir and for several years there was no successor to the hereditary rank. It happened that the wife of Yin-ssŭ [q. v.], a granddaughter of Yolo, took the side of her husband in opposing Yin-chên [q. v.]. When the latter ascended the throne he took revenge on Yin-ssŭ and his connections; hence late in 1723 he declared that Yolo's princedom should be discontinued. Nevertheless, when Emperor Kao-tsung appraised, in 1778, the merits and demerits of his ancestors he eulogized the military exploits of Abatai and Yolo and gave to an adoptive grandson of Hua-ch'i the hereditary, rank of a prince of the sixth degree.
[1/223/5a; 168/50b; Tsung-shih Wang-kung kung-chi piao-chuan (see bibl. under Tê-p'ei) 8/9a; Wei Yüan [q. v.], Shêng-wu chi (1842) 2/1a; Haenisch, E., T'oung Pao (1913), p. 111; 1/489/27b; 19/2 下 1a; Hsüeh-ch'iao shih-hua (see under Shêng-yü), supplement 3/2a–3b.]
YOTO 岳託, d. 1638, age 41 (sui), was a member of the Imperial Family and the eldest son of Daišan [q. v.]. From 1621 to 1629 he was constantly engaged in fighting, and in 1626 received the rank of beile for his services in the expedition led by his father Daišan against the Mongolian tribe of Jarut. In the invasion of Korea in 1627 he was the fifth ranking beile, and after the surrender of the Korean king, Li Tsung (see under Abahai), he supported Jirgalang's [q. v.] arrangement of a peace treaty, as opposed to Amin's [q. v.] project for further invasion. After taking an active part in the operations against the city of Ning-yüan, he returned in 1630 to be garrison commander of Shên-yang. On the organization of the Six Ministries in the Manchu Administration in 1631, he was put in charge of the Ministry of War, and presented memorials to Abahai [q. v.] urging conciliatory and constructive measures towards the conquered Chinese population. From 1632 to 1635 he accompanied the various expeditions against the Chahar Mongols, although prevented by sickness from playing an active part. In 1636 he received the title Ch'êng Ch'in-wang 成親王, but four months later was condemned to death for hiding the treacherous designs of Manggûltai [q. v.] and his own younger brother Šoto (see under Dorgon), and for instigating dissention between Jirgalang and Haoge [q. v.]. Although pardoned, he was degraded to beile and in the following year to beise for another offense. Despite this he was, in 1638, put in command of the right wing of the army against the Ming troops and died in action at Ch'iang-tzŭ-ling 牆子嶺. His death was deeply mourned by Abahai who gave him posthumously the title K'o-ch'in Chün-wang 克勤郡王. A memorial was erected in 1688 at his grave near Mukden, and in 1778, by order of Emperor Kao-tsung, a tablet to his honor was placed in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
[1/222/9b; 2/3/1a; 3/8/16a; 34/123/1a.]
YU T'ung 尤侗 (T. 同人 and 展成, H. 悔庵 and 艮齋 and 西堂老人), June 16, 1618–1704, July, scholar and calligrapher, was a native of Ch'ang-chou, Kiangsu. In 1648 he was made a pa-kung, or senior licentiate of the first class. Appointed police magistrate of Yung-p'ing-fu, Chihli, in 1652, he remained at this post until 1656. For more than twenty years thereafter he led a life of leisure, finding his chief pleasure in literature. His literary compositions were widely known, even during his youth, despite the fact that he had not obtained a high degree. In 1678 he was recommended to take the special examination, known as po-hsüeh hung-tz'ŭ, which he passed in the following year as the oldest of the fifty successful competitors (see under P'êng Sun-yü). He was then made a corrector in the Hanlin Academy with appointment to assist in the compilation of the Ming Dynastic History (Ming-shih). He retired in 1683.
During his three years on the Historiographical Board Yu T'ung wrote 6 chüan of Ming biographies (明史擬傳), 8 chüan of accounts relating to foreign state 外國志 and 4 chüan consisting of a bibliography of Ming literature (明史蔭文志). Only the first two of these works are reproduced in his published writings. Though the last work, which lists 7,141 titles, was not printed, it nevertheless set a new standard for dynastic bibliographies in that it aimed to include only titles of books written in the Ming period—apparently following in this respect a suggestion made by the Pang critical historian, Liu Chih-chi (see under Chi Yün). In the opinion of the compilers of the Ssŭ-k'u Catalogue (see Chi Yün) it fell short of this aim since it included some forty works that were written in
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