838 R M R M INDEX TO ARTICLE ROME. Achaean league, 752, 754. Actium, battle of, 769. jEqul, 739, 740, 742. Aetius, 780, 781. Agrarian laws, 737, 738, 757, 758, 765, 766. Alaric, 780. Alberic, 787. Albornoz, 801. AJemanni, 776-779. Alexander III., pope, 794. Allia, battle of, 740. Ancient Rome, 807-833. Antiochus the Great, 751. Antony, Mark, 768. Arbogast, 779, 780. Arcadius, 779. Arches, triumphal, 819. 830. Architecture, 809, 835. Area Apollinis, 821. Aristocracy of Middle Ages, 784, 787, 792, 806. Arlotti, 798. Armenia, 774. Arnold of Brescia, 792. Art, works of, 811. Atrium Veste, 819. Attila, 781. Augusti and Csesares,777. Augustus, 768, 774. Aurelian, 773, 776. Aurelius, Marcus, 773, 775. Banderesi, 802. Barbarian invasions, 775- 777, 779-781. Barons, 790. Basilicas, 816, 833, 837. Baths of Agrippa, 829. Beneventum, battle of, 744. Boniface VIII., pope, 798. Boniface IX., pope, 803. Bramante, 836. Brancaleone, 796. Bridges, 831. Britain, 775, 780. Building materials, 808. Byzantine rule, 782. Casar, Julius, 763-768. Csesares and August!, 777. Campanili, 835. Cannse, battle of, 749. Capitoline Hill, 824. Caracalla, edict of, 776, 778. Carrb.se, battle of, 706, 774. Carthage, 740, 746, 748, 749, 751, 767, 781. Catacombs, 831. Catiline conspiracy, 764. Census, imperial, 774. Chalonsi battle of, 781. Charlemagne, 786. Charles of Anjou, 797. Christianity, 778, 781. Christian Rome, 833. Churches, 833-837. Cicero, 764, 768. Cinna, 760. Circus, 829. Civilis, revolt of, 775. Claudius, 773, 775. Claudius Gothicus, 777. Cleopatra, 769. Climate, 808, 837. Cloacae, 814. Colonies, 745. Colonna family, 796. Columns, 827, 831. Comitia curiata, 733 ; cen- turiata, 735 ; tribute, 737, 771. Comitium, 816. Commune, Roman, 783. Consuls, 735, 738, 771, 785. Constantine, 777. Constantinople, 778. Constantius, 778. Cosmati, 834. Crassus, 766. Crescenzio, 789, 790. Curia, 815. Curias, 732. Cynoscephalse, 752. Dacia, 775, 777. Decemvirate, 737. Decius, 773, 776. Diocletian, 777. Domitian, 772. Drusus, 759. Duchy of Rome, 783. Egypt, 751, 754, 774. Empire, 768, 774, 777; division of, 779. Empire, Holy Roman, 785. Etruria, 731, 734, 739, 742, 757. Eugenius IV., pope, 805. Exedra, 824. Feudalism, 789. Firemen's barracks, 829. Fortifications, 812. Forum, 816, 825. Franks, 776-780. Frederick I., 793. Frontiers, 768, 774-777. Gaiseric, 781. Galleries, art, 837. Gallienus, 776. Garibaldi, 807. Gates, 812, 832. Gaul, 748, 751, 768, 774, 776, 778, 781. Gauls, 740. 743. Genseric, 781. Germalus, 824. Ghibellines, 796. Goths, 777, 779, 782. Gracchi, 757. Grsecostasis, 816. Grandees, 796. Gratian, 779. Greece, 752. Gregory I., pope, 783. Gregory VII., pope, 791. Guelfs, 796. Hadrian, 773 ; wall of, 775. Hadrianople, 779. Hernici, 739, 742. Henry III., 790. Henry VII., 798. Henry of Castile, 797. Hildebrand, 791. History, ancient, 731-781; mediaeval, 782-805 ; re- cent, 805. Honorius, 779, 780. Huns, 779-781. Investiture question, 791. Italy, conquest of, 739 746; after Hannibalic war, 751; enfranchise- ment of, 760 ; under em- perors, 771, 775, 778. John XII., pope, 788. Jovian, 779. Judices dativi, 789; de clero, 785. Jugurtha, 758. Julian, 778. Kings, early, 732, 735. Ladislans, 803. Land-tax, 775, 778. Lateran palace, 835. Latins, 731, 739 ; colonies of, 745. Laws, 736-738, 760, 763, 770. Leo III., pope, 786. Libraries, 837. Lombards, 783. Louis IV., 799. Macedonia, 749, 752. Magistracies, 738, 771. Magnesia, battle of, 753. Mamertine prison, 814. Marcomanni, 775. Marius, 758. Martin V., pope, 805. Materials, building, 808. Mausolea, 831. Maximian, 777. Mazzini, 806. Middle Ages, republic of, 782. Military system, 734, 746, 759, 776. Milliarium Aureum, 817. Mino da Fiesole, 836. Modern Rome, 807, 836. Moesia, 774. Monarchy, early, 732-5. Municipal system, 768, 776, 779. Municipia, 740, 745. Museums, 837. Nero, 773. Nicholas V., pope, 806. Nobility, 755; in Middle Ages, 784, 787, 791, 806. Nova Via, 824. Odoacer, 781. Opus quadratum, 809 ; re- ticulatum, 810. Orestes, 781. Orsini family, 796. Otho I., 788. Otho III., 790. Palaces, 821, 823, 829, 835. Palatine Hill, 821. Palmyra, 776. Pannonia, 774. Pantheon, 828. Paolo, S., basilica, 837. Papacy, 783, 785, 791, 805. Parthia, 766, 774, 777. Paschal II., pope, 791. Patricians, 732, 736. People, primitive, 732 ; power of the, 789, 792. Pergamum, 751-754. Peter's, St, 836. Philippi, battle of, 768. Pippin, donation of, 786. Pirates, 763. Plebeians, 732, 736. Pollentia, battle of, 780. Pompey, 762-766. Popes, 783,785, 791, 805. Population, 808, 837. Porcari, Stefano, 806. Porticus XII Deorum, 820. Postumus, 776. Praetorian camp, 828. Prehistoric remains, 811. Principate, 769. Private houses, 828. Proconsulare imperium, 769. Proconsuls, 746. Provinces, 750, 774, 778. Punic Wars, 747-751. Pyramids, 831. Pyrrhus, 743. Qusestionesperpetuae, 756, 759, 762. Quaestorship, 738, 772. Quay wall, 814. Quirinal palace, 835. Radagaisus, 780. Regia, 819. Regiones of Augustus, 832. Renaissance, 805. Republic, ancient, 735- 769; of Middle Ages, 782. Rhodes, 751 -754. Ricimer, 781. Rienzi, 800. Roads, 811. Romanization of West, 750, 754, 768, 775-778. Roma quadrata, 812. Romulus, 731. Romulus Augustulus, 781. Rostra, 816. Rufinus, 780. Sabines, 731, 739, 744. Sacra Via, 824. Samnites, 741-744. Sassanidae, 777. Saturninus, 758. Scholce militum, 784, 788. Secession, the first, 736. Senaculum, 816. Senate, 738, 75. r >, 756, 784, 793, 795. Sentinum, battle of, 743. Sertorius, 762. Servian wall, 731, 734, 813. Settlements, early, 73L Severus Alexander, 777. Severus Septimius, 773, 776. Sicily, 746, 747, 750. Site of Rome, 807. Social War, 759. Spain, 7- r )0, 780. Spartacus, 762, 763. Stadium, 824. Statutes, Roman, 796. Stilicho, 780. Sulla, 760-762, 768, 772. Sulpicius Rufus, 760. Tabularium, 825. Tarquins, 733, 734. Tax, land, 775, 778. Temples, 817-827. Testaccio, Monte, 831. Theatres, 830. Theodosius I., 779. Tombs, 831. Trajan, 772, 773, 775. Tribes, Roman, 732, 735, 745. Tribunes, 736, 772. Tribunicia potestas, 770. Triumvirates, 765, 768. Tullianum, 814. Tyrants, 776, 778, 780. Umbilicus Rom, 817. Urban V., pope, 802. Valens, 779. Valentinian I., 779; II., 779; III., 780. Valerian, 776. Vandals, 780, 781. Vatican, 835. Veii, capture of, 739. Velabrum, 824. Velia, 824. Vespasian, 773-775. Vico, Pietro di, 794. Vicus Jugarius, 817; Tuscus, 818. Volsci, 739-741. Wallia, 780. Walls, 812, 832. Zama, battle of, 750. Zenobia, 776. Plate VI. is a Plan of Ancient Home ; Plate VII. shows the Forum and its Surroundings ; Plate VIII. is the Modern City ; and Plate IX. is a Map of the Empire in the Third Century of our Era. ROME, a city of the United States, the capital of Oneida county, New York, 110 miles by rail west-north- west of Albany, occupies a level site at the head of Mohawk valley, near the watershed between the Atlantic and the western lakes. It is an important rail way junction, lies on the line of the Erie Canal, and is the terminus of the Black River Canal. Besides being the centre of a great cheese- making district, Rome has large railroad shops, rolling- mills, and lumber-yards. The population was 11,000 in 1870 and 12,194 in 1880. ROMFORD, an old market-town of Essex, is situated on the small river Rom, and on the Great Eastern Railway about 12 miles east-north-east of London. The ancient church of St Edward the Confessor was replaced in 1850 by a structure in the Late Decorated style. The large brewery of Inde, Coope, & Co. is situated in the town, and there are extensive market gardens in the neighbourhood. A grant of a market was obtained in 1247, and this is still of importance as regards both cattle and corn. The popu- lation of the urban sanitary district (area 1159 acres) in 1871 was 6512, and in 1881 it was 7176. ROMILLY, SIR SAMUEL (1757-1818), the great legal reformer who first attempted to relax the barbarity of the English penal code, was the second son of Peter Romilly, a watchmaker and jeweller in London, whose father had emigrated from Montpellier after the revocation of the edict of Nantes, and who had married a Miss Garnault, a Huguenot refugee like himself, but of a far wealthier family. Samuel Roinilly was born in Frith Street, Soho, on 1st March 1757, and was named after Sir Samuel Fludyer, M.P. for the city of London and alderman, who was in partnership with two of his uncles. He served for a time in his father's shop ; but his education was not neglected, and he became a good classical scholar and particularly conversant with French literature. A legacy of 2000 from one of his mother's relations led to his being articled to a solicitor and clerk in Chancery with the idea of qualify- ing himself to purchase the office of one of the six clerks in Chancery. In 1778, however, he determined to go to the bar, and entered himself at Gray's Inn. He went to Geneva in 1781, where he made the acquaintance of the chief demo- cratic leaders, including Etienne Dumont. Called to the bar in 1783, he went the midland circuit, but was chiefly occu- pied with Chancery practice. On the publication of Madan's Thoughts on Executive Justice, advocating the increase of capital punishments, he at once wrote and published in 1786 Observations on Madan's book. Of more general interest is his intimacy with the great Mirabeau, to whom he was introduced in 1784 (see MIRABEAU). Mirabeau saw him daily for a long time and introduced him to Lord Lans- downe, who highly appreciated him, and, when Mirabeau became a political leader, it was to Romilly that he applied for an account of the procedure used in the English House of Commons. He visited Paris in 1789, and studied the
