tribe of British Kaffraria. It was predicted among them that, on condition of a complete sacrifice of their lives and property, a re surrection would take place on a certain day, in which all the dead warriors and great men of the nation would arise in new strength ; and acting upon this faith nearly a third of the tribe, or about 50, 000, perished in a national suicide. The tracts thus depopulated were afterwards peopled by European settlers, among whom were many of the German legion which had served with the English army in the Crimea, and a body of upwards of 2000 industrious North German emigrants, who proved to be a valuable acquisition to the colony.
6th, Public works in the colony marked an era in the opening, in November 1863, of the railway from Cape Town to Wellington, begun in 1859, and, in 1860, of the great breakwater in Table Bay, long needed on that perilous coast. In 1865 the province of British Kaffraria was incorporated with the colony, under the title of the Electoral Divisions of King William s Town and East London. In the same year several important modifications of the constitution were adopted.
7th, The discovery of diamonds in the districts north of the Orange River in 1867 drew the attention of the whole world to the colony, and gave new life and impetus to every branch of industry, leading to the annexation of the large territory of Griqua Land West to the British Crown. The Basutos, a division of the Bechwana Kaffres, occupying the upper valleys of the Orange River, had sub sisted under a semi-protectorate of the British Government from 1848 to 1854 ; but having been left to their own resources on the abandonment of the Orange Sovereignty, they fell into a long exhaus tive warfare with the boers of the Free State. On the urgent petition of their chief Moshesh, they were proclaimed British subjects in 1868, and their territory became part of the colony by Act of Government of 1871.
8th, More recently, in 1874 and 1875, large areas of southern and northern Kaffraria, the Transkei territories of the Fingo and Tam bookie tribes, and the territory of Griqua Land East on the southern border of Natal, have also come under British rule by the free con sent of their inhabitants. At the present moment attention is strongly directed towards the consolidation of the European states of South Africa, and the introduction of greater unity in their hitherto conflicting systems of government, with a view to the more complete development of their great natural resources.
A sum of five millions sterling voted by the Government is now (1876) being expended in the construction of four trunk lines of railway: one extending the already existing line from Cape Town, two from Port Elizabeth, and one from East London, The tele graphic wire now connects Cape Town with Port Elizabeth, Grahams- town, King William s Town, East London, Queenstown, Beaufort West, Graaf Reinet, Cradock, Colesberg, and Kimberley in the diamond fields. Five steamers now run between England and the Cape each month.
Until the year 1873, the colony was divided for the purposes of administration and election of members for the Legislative Council into two provinces, a western and an eastern ; but with the growth of the colony these were found to be inconveniently large, and by an Act of Government, which became law in 1874, the country was portioned out into seven provinces; at about the same time some new divisions were formed within them by the reduction of those already existing. Space does not admit of a special description of each of these divisions ; the following table, however, shows their approximate area and the increase of their population from the date of the first census in 1865 to that of 1875. The native districts recently added to the eastern side of the colony are governed by Government agents and resident magistrates, who are under the direction of the secretary for native affairs in Cape Town.
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Provinces, Divisions, and Native Districts Area[1] in square miles. Population. Census 1865. Census 1875. WESTERN PROVINCK: Cape Town ] 10 598 457 646 2,037 1,675 28,457 908 458 20,241 8,917 15,583 14,572 6,037 32,907 1,426 552 22,859 10,541 18,114 18,214 8,218 Green Point > Robben Island ) Cape Division Stellenbosch Paarl NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCE : Malmesbury Piquetberg Carry forward 5,423 95,173 112,831 Brought forward N.W. PROV., continued Worcester .. 5,423 5,975 5,328 7,420 20,017 18,200 2,150 1,485 1,941 2,283 2,855 1,922 2,779 761 1,008 11,417 3,512 10,656 27,666 4,090 2,702 3,044 4,567 2,037 419 236 5,823 2,702 1,180 419 572 837 125 3,253 1,393 4,758 3,045 2,664 6,850 1,707 1,756 3,882 5,024 95,173 7,704 8,695 7,041 8,521 10,071 9,900 4,169 9,964 6,155 10,665 12,077 10,658 4,276 2,471 5,828 5,983 8,656 8,293 6,090 4,349 2,940 14,695 16,264 4,867 11,633 18,148 7,876 6,655 8,292 18,796 13,341 5,647 10,593 8,350 12,228 9,802 4,645 8,115 3,040 66,737 44,555 22,200 ] 112,831 9,801 9,943 8,404 7,452 12,351 11,303 4,285 10,005 7,986 12,725 15,129 11,766 5,059 3,188 8,314 6,187 13,251 8,99<> 7,607 6,144 3,773 16,774 16,441 5,803 14,450 21,467 7,298 6,020 7,970 16,538 15,657 6,499 10,858 8,636 11,313 11,522 5,938 10,187 15,466 108,041 50,711 8,107 26,570[2] 22,664 Tulba^h Clanwilliam Calvinia . Namaqua Land SOUTH-WESTERN PROVINCE : Caledon Bredasdorp Swellendaui Robertson Riversdale Oudtshoorn George ... Mossel Bay Knysna MIDLAND PROVINCE: Beaufort West Prince Albert Victoria West Fraserburg Richmond Hope Town Murraysburg Graaf Reinet SOUTH-EASTERN PROVINCE : Albany Bathurst Port Elizabeth Uitenhage lluniansdorp .. . Alexandria Victoria East Peddie NORTH-EASTERN PROVINCE : Fort Beaufort ... . Stockenstroom Somerset East Bedford Cradock Albert Middelburg Colesberg EASTERN PROVINCE : East London[3] King William s Town[3] Queen stown Aliwal North Wodehouse Herschel B VSUTO LAND, . 195,883 8,750 3,380 2,740 1,050 1,500 400 566,153 40,003(?) 721,435 140,000 50,000 [4] 19,998 43,971 70,078 [5] 18,000 NOMANSLAND (including Griqua Land East) Sr JOHN S TERRITORY (Pondomise, Lehana, ) &c., Kaffres) ) TRANSKEIAN TERRITORY Fingo Land Tambookie Country Iduty wa Reserve CAPE COLONY 213,703 16,630 1,063,482 50,000 GRIQUA LAND WEST
The returns of population classified according to race have not yet been received for the census of 1875. In 1865 the Europeans of the colony numbered 187,400 or about 33 per cent, of the whole. The white or dominant population is composed of colonial Dutch, who are most
numerous in the western divisions; of Anglo-Saxons, who
- ↑ The areas of the divisions are adapted from those calculated at Gotha for Dr Behm s Bevolkerung der Erde, which are nearer the truth than the approximation given by the Cape surveyor-general. The ireas of the native districts have been specially ascertained from a map supplied by the secretary for native affairs in 1875.
- ↑ Including 18,445 Tambookies of the "location" in Wodehouso and North-Eastern Queenstown.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 2 Formerly British Kaffraria.
- ↑ Griqua Land East (1875), pop. 31,901 : country west of Griquas, pop. 8407.
- ↑ Including emigrant Tambookies now in colony.
